The many forms of poetry - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

The many forms of poetrySlide2

Introduction

There are two main forms of poetry,

closed form and open form…

Closed

Form

Open

Form

-characterized

by patterns

(stanza length, verse, rhyme, meter, syllables)

-the content

fits into

the

form

-haiku

-

sonnets

-sestina

-ballad

-villanelle

-”Follows RULES”

-characterized

by the lack of pattern

-the content

determines

the form

-punctuation, line breaks, white space is very important

-free verse

-concrete poems

-shaped

poems

-”no RULES”Slide3

Rhyme Scheme

regular pattern of rhyme, one that is consistent throughout the extent of the poem

The following short poem illustrates the labeling of a rhyme scheme.

                  There once was a big brown

cat

a

                  That liked to eat a lot of

mice

.        

b

                  He got all round and

fat

a

                  Because they tasted so

nice

.           

b

This rhyme scheme is

ababSlide4

Stanzas

2 line stanzas:

couplets3 line stanzas (

t

ercets

)

triplets:

aaa bbb ccc dddterza rima: aba bcb cdc ded4 line stanzas: quatrains5 line stanzas: quintets6 line stanzas: sestets7 line stanzas: septets8 line stanzas: octaves

A group of lines in poetry…looks like a paragraphSlide5

Couplets-

2 line stanzas

The Red Wheelbarrow

so much depends

upon

a red wheel barrow glazed with rain water beside the white chickens William Carlos WilliamsSlide6

Free Verse

Follows no rules….writer just speaks

Cavalry Crossing a Ford

A line in long array where they wind betwixt green islands,

They take a serpentine course, their arms flash in the sun -- hark to the musical clank

Behold the silvery river, in it the splashing horses loitering stop to drink,

Behold

the brown-faced men, each group, each person a picture, the negligent rest on the saddles.Some emerge on the opposite bank, others are just entering the ford --while,Scarlet and blue and snowy white,The guidon flags flutter gayly in the wind. Walt Whitman, 1865Slide7

Concrete Poems

Words create

picture, more a visual than a literary

form, related

to

“Pop Art”

I <')))><

ing

.

Billy

EcklesSlide8

Dusk

Above the

water hang the

loud

flies

Here

O so gray then What A pale signal will appear When Soon before its shadow fades Where Here in this pool of opened eye In us No Upon us As at the very edges of where we take shape in the dark air this object bares its image awakening ripples of recognition that will brush darkness up into light even after this bird this hour both drift by atop the perfect sad instant now already passing out of sight toward yet-untroubled reflection this image bears its object darkening into memorial shades Scattered bits of light No of water Or something across water Breaking up No Being regathered soon Yet by then a swan will have gone Yes out of mind into what vast pale hush of a place

past

sudden dark as

if a swan

sang

Shaped Poems

Create

a picture or visual pattern

Content

is more important than shape

Content

follows general

grammatical

rules Shape complements content of poem

Swan and Shadow

John HollanderSlide9

Haiku

Japanese

Syllabic poetry:

17

syllables

1st line – 5 syllables

2nd line -- 7 syllables

3rd line -- 5 syllablesSeasonal reference

Silent and still: then

Even sinking into rocks,

The cicada’s screech

Basho

All

night this headland

Lunges into the rumpling

Capework

of the wind

Richard WilburSlide10

Gervaise

There was a young belle of old Natchez

Whose garments were always in

patchez

When comment arose

On the state of her clothes

She drawled, When Ah

itchez

, Ah

scratchez

!

Ogden Nash

There was a young woman named

Plunnery

Who rejoiced in the practice of gunnery

Till one day unobservant

She blew up a servant

And was forced to retire to a nunnery.

Edward

Gorey

Limerick

5 line nonsense poem

First line ends in

proper

name

of place or person

Rhyme:

aabbaSlide11

Ballad

English

Narrative (tells a story)

4 line stanzas

Rhymes

abab

or

abcbI'll tell a tale, a thrilling tale of love beyond compareI knew a lad not long ago more gorgeous than any I've seen.And in his eyes I found my self a'falling in love with the swain.Oh, the glorious fellow I met by the ocean with eyes of deep-sea green!He was a rugged sailor man with eyes of deep-sea green,And I a maid, a tavern maid! Whose living was serving beer.So with a kiss and with a wave, off on his boat he sailedAnd left me on the dock, the theif! Without my heart, oh dear!And with a heart that's lost at sea, I go on living still.I still am now still serving beer in that tavern by the sea.And though the pay check's still the same, the money won't go as farFor now I feed not just myself, but my little one and me!So let that be a lesson, dear, and keep your heart safely hid.I gave mine to a sailing thief with gorgeous eyes of green.Save yours for a sweeter lad who makes the land his home.

Ah me! If only I'd never met that sailor by the sea!

--

Lonnie AdriftSlide12

Sonnet

Italian origin

Lyric (expressespersonal and

e

motional feelings)

Does not rhyme

14

lines"London, 1802" Milton! thou shouldst be living at this hour: England hath need of thee: she is a fen Of stagnant waters: altar, sword, and pen, Fireside, the heroic wealth of hall and bower, Have forfeited their ancient English dowerOf inward happiness. We are selfish men; Oh! raise us up, return to us again; And give us manners, virtue, freedom, power. Thy soul was like a Star, and dwelt apart; Thou hadst a voice whose sound was like the sea: Pure as the naked heavens, majestic, free, So didst thou travel on life's common way, In cheerful godliness; and yet thy heart The lowliest duties on herself did lay. Slide13

Villanelle

French

originStanzas and Rhyme

5

tercets

:

aba aba aba aba aba1 quatrain: abaaLine Repetition1, 6, 12, 183, 9, 15, 19“Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night” by Dylan ThomasDo not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Though wise men at their end know dark is right, Because their words had forked no lightning theyDo not go gentle into that good night. Good men, the last wave by, crying how brightTheir frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,

And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,

Do not go gentle into that good night.

Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight

Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

And you, my father, there on the sad height,

Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray. Do not go gentle into that good night. Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Slide14

Here in this bleak city of

Rochester

,

Where there are twenty-seven words for "

snow

,"

Not all of them polite, the wayward

mindBasks in some Yucatan of its own making,Some coppery, sleek lagoon, or cinnamon islandAlive with lemon tints and burnished natives, And O that we were there. But here the natives Of this grey, sunless city of Rochester Have sown whole mines of salt about their land

(Bare ruined Carthage that it is) while

snow

Comes down as if The Flood were in the

making

.

Yet on that ocean Marvell called the

mind

An ark sets forth which is itself the mind,

Bound for some pungent green, some shore whose

natives

Blend coriander, cayenne, mint in making

Roasts that would gladden the Earl of

Rochester

With sinfulness, and melt a polar

snow

.

It might be well to remember that an

island

Sestina

French origin

Stanzas:

6

sestets

1

tercet

Repetition

and linking:a/b/c/d/e/ff/a/e/b/d/cc/f/d/a/b/ee/c/b/f/a/dd/e/a/c/f/bb/d/f/e/c/aba/dc/feAtmosphere ranges from cozy to claustrophobic

From "Sestina

d'Inverno

" by Anthony Hecht