Unit IV Chapter 13 The Job Succession amp the Vice President Roles CONSTITUTIONAL Roles Chief of State Reigns amp Rules Symbol of American People Chief Executive Power over domestic amp foreign branch ID: 554720
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Slide1
The Presidency & Supreme Court
Unit IVSlide2
Chapter 13
The Job, Succession, & the Vice PresidentSlide3
Roles
CONSTITUTIONAL Roles
Chief of State
Reigns & Rules
Symbol of American People
Chief ExecutivePower over domestic & foreign branchSystem of Checks & BalanceChief AdministrationHead of Executive branchSlide4
…Continued
Chief Diplomat
Architect of foreign policy
Watched internationally
Commander in Chief
Dominant in military fieldArmed forces and arsenal at his disposalChief LegislatorInitiates legislative actionsPublic policy maker
Works/clashes with CongressSlide5
…Continued
OTHER Roles
Chief of Party
Leader of political party in executive branch
Chief Citizen
Representation of all the peopleWorks for public’s interestSlide6
Formal Qualifications
“Natural born citizen…of the United States”
35 years of age
Youngest- T. Roosevelt (42)
Youngest Elected- Kennedy (43)
Oldest- Reagan (69)14 years a residentSlide7
Terms
4 year term
Washington set 2 term precedent
FDR- Won 4 terms, Served 3 full
Until 1951no limit on number of terms
22nd AmendmentCalled undemocraticNo more than 10 years servedSlide8
Pay & Benefits
Congress determines
400,000 annual pay/50,000 in expenses
White House residence
Staff & transportation
Camp David accessHealth care, travel, & entertainment benefitsSlide9
Presidential Succession
Presidential Succession
Presidential Succession Act of 1947
Est. line
VP, Speaker, Pro Tem, then heads of 14 Executive Dept.
25th Amendment outlines line of successionDisability Pres. informs Congress in writing
VP & Majority of Cabinet agree
Pres. may resume powerSlide10
Vice President
“I am Vice President. In this I am nothing, but I may be everything.”
John Adams
Presides over Senate
Help decide on Presidential disability
“a heartbeat away”8 presidents have died in officeVacancyEmpty 18 times9 succession to president, 2 resignations, & 7 died
Low status played on party politics
VP often picked to “balance the ticket”Slide11
Vice President Today
Cheney
see as the reinventor of the office
Highly influential
VP not subject to presidential firingSlide12
Chapter 13, Section III & IV
Presidential Selection & NominationsSlide13
Original Provisions
Early favoritism of Congressional choice
Popular vote very unpopular
Final Choice
Presidential Electors, Electoral College
Cast electoral votes2 votes, 2 different candidatesMost votes wins president, 2nd VPElector of the enlightened and educatedSlide14
Rise of Parties
Framer’s election college worked until Washington did not run for a 3rd term
1796 election showed problems
President Adams (Federalist)
VP Jefferson (Dem.-Rep.)Slide15
…Continued
Election of 1800
Electors promised to vote accordingly
Presidential tie
Jefferson popular favorite
36 House votes to pick Jefferson12th Amendment1804Separate vote President & VP ElectionSlide16
Primaries
Choose some/all State’s party delegation
Express preference of various candidates
New Hampshire; leads the Nation
Many held in early Feb.
Used to build candidate popularityDemocrats ever changing primary requirementsSlide17
National Convention
Delegates pick President of VP candidate
Goals
Name candidate
Bringing together party factions
Adopting party platformKeynote address, speeches, celebrity appearance, & balloonsSlide18
Nominations
If president runs for second term the pick is easy
Things that are taken into account
Public office record
Past controversies
Election history (Governor, Senator)Religion (Protestant)State sizeAppearance & Family lifeSpeaking/Tech. ability
Gender, Race/EthnicitySlide19
Chapter 13, Section V
The Election Slide20
The Electoral College Today
Voters don’t directly vote for the President
Vote for electors
Once meant to make own decision
Now they are just “rubber stamps”
Vote for party’s candidatesElectors picked “at-large”Winner-take-allElectors’ names rarely appear on the ballotsSlide21
The Process
Electors meet in their State’s capital
Hold voting in December
Vote for the President and Vice President separate
Ballots sent to Washington
Winner of election known in NovemberJanuary 6, President of the Senate counts votes before a joint CongressCandidate must receive 270 of 538 votesTies sent to the House
Occurred in 1800 and 1824Slide22
Flaws
First Flaw
Popular vote winner may not win the Presidency
Winner-take-all electoral voting
Misrepresentation of voters
Second FlawNo law requiring electors to vote with popular majority“Broken pledge”Slide23
Proposed Changes
District Plan
Similar to Congressional members
Proportionate plan
Electoral vote based off population percentages
Direct Popular VoteSupport in 2006, Direct Popular Vote PlanConstitution would remain intactChanges would be made at the State levelElectorate, those eligible to vote, would have more controlSlide24
Defending the Electoral College
Works Well
Few issues in the history of the EC
Popular winner usually wins EC votes
Known process
Reform ideas unknown and untestedPresidential winner usually known quicklySlide25
Survey of Chapter 14
The President in Action
Unit IV, Section 2Slide26
Background
Article II- Executive Article
Command armed forces, make treaties, veto powers, etc.
Loosely worded Article
Definition & question of “executive power”
Growth of power due to the use of mass mediaRadio, television, internetSlide27
Executing the Law
Outlined in the “Oath of Office”
“I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States”
Executive Order
Directive, rule, or regulation that is in effect lawSlide28
Appointment Powers
Presidential appointments must meet Senate approval
Appointees
Ambassadors and Diplomats
Cabinet members & top aides
Heads of certain agenciesFederal judges, marshals, and attorneysOfficers of the armed forcesPower to remove appointmentsHas been previously challenged in the CourtsSlide29
Diplomatic & Military Roles
Makes treaties with foreign countries
Treaty: formal agreement between two or more nations
Treaties must be approved by the Senate
Executive Agreement
Pact between the Heads of State of 2 countriesNo Senate approval requiredRecognition of foreign countries or leadersSlide30
…Continued
Commander in Chief
Making undeclared war
Barbary pirate conflicts
Korean & Vietnam wars
Congressional ResolutionCongress allows forces to be used in certain crisisSlide31
…Continued
War Powers Resolution
Within 48 hours of forces commitment the Pres. must appear before Congress
Commitment of forces lasts for 60 days unless extended
Congress may end military commitment
Other Commander ExamplesOverthrowing dictatorsEnding military coupsPrevent mass killings/genocideSlide32
Legislative Powers
Recommending Legislation
Spreads from platform
Ripples from State of the Union Address
Bill Powers
Sign the BillVeto the BillNo action for 10 days allows the bill to become lawPocket vetoSlide33
…Continued
Line-Item Veto
Target wasted spending in a bill
Keeps the President involved in monetary aspects while keeping the bill’s idea
Call Special Sessions of CongressSlide34
Judicial Powers
Below examples may be used except in cases of impeachment
Reprieve
Postponement of the execution of a sentence
Must be accepted
PardonLegal forgiveness of a crimeOther ExamplesCommutationReduction of the length of a sentence or a fine
Amnesty
Blanket pardon of a large groupSlide35
Chapter 18, Section III
The Supreme Court
Unit IV, Section 3Slide36
Concepts
The Supreme Court is the only court created by the Constitution
Article III, Section I
Court of last resort on questions of federal law
The Justices
*9 Supreme Court Justices1 Chief Justice, 8 Associate JusticesAppointed for life
Resignation, retirement, death, or impeachment
No true formal qualificationsSlide37
Judicial Review
Federal & State courts may exercise this right
Decide constitutionality of a government action
Ultimate power lies with the SC
Final authority
Judicial Review not outlined in the ConstitutionIntentional conceptSlide38
Jurisdiction
Exclusive Jurisdiction
Power of the federal courts alone to hear certain cases
Concurrent Jurisdiction
Power shared by federal and State courts to hear certain cases
Original JurisdictionThe power of a court to hear a case first, before any other courtAppellate JurisdictionThe authority of a court to review decisions of inferior courtsSlide39
…Continued
Operations
Oral Arguments
Select times and dates for presentations
Lawyers make oral arguments before the justices
30 minute limitsBriefsWritten documentationSupport a single side of an oral argumentRelevant facts
Cite previous casesSlide40
…Continued
Briefs Continued
Brief of Support may appear from groups with an interest in a case
Court grants permission
“Lobbying”
Most court cases are controversialSolicitor GeneralChief lawyer of the United StatesRepresents the U.S. in court casesAsks the SC for a position of the U.S. governmentSlide41
…Continued
Conference
Closed meetings for discussion
Chief Justice presides
Speaks first and states his opinion
Debate and final vote on the case1/3 of decisions are unanimousMost are divided decisionsOpinionsMajority Opinion
Announces court’s decision
Used in future court cases as precedent
Concurring opinion follows/attached
Dissenting Opinion
Written by justice who does not agree with the decisionSlide42
Additional Terms
Docket
A court’s list of cases to be heard
Appeal
apply to a higher court for a reversal of the decision of a lower court
Writ of CertiorariAn order by a higher court direction a lower court to send up the record in a given case for reviewLatin for, “to be more certain”Precedents
Court decision that stands as an example to be followed in future, similar casesSlide43