/
The Nervous System The Reflex Arc The Nervous System The Reflex Arc

The Nervous System The Reflex Arc - PowerPoint Presentation

littleccas
littleccas . @littleccas
Follow
342 views
Uploaded On 2020-06-16

The Nervous System The Reflex Arc - PPT Presentation

Reflex Occurs over pathways called reflex arcs Reflex arc The Reflex Arc Figure 711a Stimulus at distal end of neuron Skin Spinal cord in cross section Interneuron Receptor Effector ID: 778782

neuron brain sensory figure brain neuron figure sensory regions receptors reflex cerebrum arc cord spinal step skin motor muscle

Share:

Link:

Embed:

Download Presentation from below link

Download The PPT/PDF document "The Nervous System The Reflex Arc" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.


Presentation Transcript

Slide1

The Nervous System

Slide2

The Reflex Arc

Reflex

Occurs over pathways called reflex arcs

Reflex arc

Slide3

The Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11a

Stimulus at distal

end of neuron

Skin

Spinal cord

(in cross section)

Interneuron

Receptor

Effector

Sensory neuron

Motor neuron

Integration

center

(a)

Slide4

The Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11a, step 1

Stimulus at distal

end of neuron

Skin

Receptor

(a)

Slide5

The Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11a, step 2

Stimulus at distal

end of neuron

Skin

Receptor

Sensory neuron

(a)

Slide6

The Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11a, step 3

Stimulus at distal

end of neuron

Skin

Spinal cord

(in cross section)

Interneuron

Receptor

Sensory neuron

Integration

center

(a)

Slide7

The Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11a, step 4

Stimulus at distal

end of neuron

Skin

Spinal cord

(in cross section)

Interneuron

Receptor

Sensory neuron

Motor neuron

Integration

center

(a)

Slide8

The Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11a, step 5

Stimulus at distal

end of neuron

Skin

Spinal cord

(in cross section)

Interneuron

Receptor

Effector

Sensory neuron

Motor neuron

Integration

center

(a)

Slide9

Simple Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11b–c

Spinal cord

Sensory (afferent)

neuron

Inter-

neuron

Motor

(efferent)

neuron

Motor

(efferent)

neuron

Sensory receptors

(stretch receptors

in the quadriceps

muscle)

Sensory (afferent)

neuron

Sensory receptors

(pain receptors in

the skin)

Effector

(quadriceps

muscle of

thigh)

Effector

(biceps

brachii

muscle)

Synapse in

ventral horn

gray matter

(c)

(b)

Slide10

Simple Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11b, step 1

Spinal cord

Sensory receptors

(stretch receptors

in the quadriceps

muscle)

(b)

Slide11

Simple Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11b, step 2

Spinal cord

Sensory (afferent)

neuron

Sensory receptors

(stretch receptors

in the quadriceps

muscle)

(b)

Slide12

Simple Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11b, step 3

Spinal cord

Sensory (afferent)

neuron

Sensory receptors

(stretch receptors

in the quadriceps

muscle)

Synapse in

ventral horn

gray matter

(b)

Slide13

Simple Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11b, step 4

Spinal cord

Sensory (afferent)

neuron

Motor

(efferent)

neuron

Sensory receptors

(stretch receptors

in the quadriceps

muscle)

Synapse in

ventral horn

gray matter

(b)

Slide14

Simple Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11b, step 5

Spinal cord

Sensory (afferent)

neuron

Motor

(efferent)

neuron

Sensory receptors

(stretch receptors

in the quadriceps

muscle)

Effector

(quadriceps

muscle of

thigh)

Synapse in

ventral horn

gray matter

(b)

Slide15

Simple Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11c, step 1

Spinal cord

Sensory receptors

(pain receptors in

the skin)

(c)

Slide16

Simple Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11c, step 2

Spinal cord

Sensory (afferent)

neuron

Sensory receptors

(pain receptors in

the skin)

(c)

Slide17

Simple Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11c, step 3

Spinal cord

Inter-

neuron

Sensory (afferent)

neuron

Sensory receptors

(pain receptors in

the skin)

(c)

Slide18

Simple Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11c, step 4a

Spinal cord

Inter-

neuron

Motor

(efferent)

neuron

Sensory (afferent)

neuron

Sensory receptors

(pain receptors in

the skin)

(c)

Slide19

Simple Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11c, step 4b

Spinal cord

Inter-

neuron

Motor

(efferent)

neuron

Sensory (afferent)

neuron

Sensory receptors

(pain receptors in

the skin)

Effector

(biceps

brachii

muscle)

(c)

Slide20

Simple Reflex Arc

Figure 7.11b–c

Spinal cord

Sensory (afferent)

neuron

Inter-

neuron

Motor

(efferent)

neuron

Motor

(efferent)

neuron

Sensory receptors

(stretch receptors

in the quadriceps

muscle)

Sensory (afferent)

neuron

Sensory receptors

(pain receptors in

the skin)

Effector

(quadriceps

muscle of

thigh)

Effector

(biceps

brachii

muscle)

Synapse in

ventral horn

gray matter

(c)

(b)

Slide21

Types of Reflexes and Regulation

Somatic reflexes

Activation of skeletal muscles

Example

:

Slide22

Types of Reflexes and Regulation

Autonomic

reflexes

Slide23

Types of Reflexes and Regulation

Patellar

Figure 7.11d

Slide24

Central Nervous System (CNS)

CNS develops from the embryonic neural tube

The neural tube becomes the brain and spinal cord

The opening of the neural tube becomes the

ventricles

Slide25

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Figure 7.12a

Slide26

Regions of the Brain

Cerebral hemispheres

Slide27

Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum

Figure 7.12b

Slide28

Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum

Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum)

Paired (left and right) superior parts of the brain

The

surface is made of ridges

and grooves

Slide29

Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum

Figure 7.13a

Slide30

Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum

Lobes of the cerebrum

Fissures

divide

the cerebrum into lobesSurface lobes of the

cerebrum

Slide31

Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum

Figure 7.13b

Slide32

Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum

Specialized areas of the cerebrum

Primary somatic sensory area

Primary

motor area

Broca’s

area

Slide33

Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum

Figure 7.13c

Slide34

Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum

Figure 7.14

Slide35

Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum

Cerebral areas involved in special

senses

Slide36

Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum

Interpretation areas of the

cerebrum

Slide37

Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum

Figure 7.13c

Slide38

Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum

Layers of the cerebrum

Gray

matter

White

matterCorpus callosum

connects hemispheresBasal nuclei

Slide39

Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum

Figure 7.15

Slide40

Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon

Figure 7.16

Slide41

Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon

Sits on top of the brain stem

Enclosed by the cerebral

hemispheres

Slide42

Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon

Figure 7.12b

Slide43

Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon

Figure 7.16a

Slide44

Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon

Figure 7.16b

Slide45

Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon

Thalamus

Slide46

Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon

Hypothalamus

Under the thalamus

Important autonomic nervous system

center

Slide47

Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon

Hypothalamus (continued

)

Slide48

Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon

Epithalamus

Forms the roof of the third ventricle

Houses the pineal body

Includes the choroid plexus

Slide49

Regions of the Brain: Brain Stem

Attaches to the spinal cord

Parts of the brain

stem

Slide50

Regions of the Brain: Brain Stem

Figure 7.16a

Slide51

Regions of the Brain: Brain Stem

Midbrain

Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers

Has two bulging fiber tracts—

Has four rounded protrusions—

Reflex

centers for vision and hearing

Slide52

Regions of the Brain: Brain Stem

Pons

The bulging center part of the brain stem

Includes

nuclei involved in the control of breathing

Slide53

Regions of the Brain: Brain Stem

Medulla Oblongata

The lowest part of the brain stem

Merges into the spinal cord

Includes important fiber tracts

Contains important control

centers

Slide54

Regions of the Brain: Brain Stem

Reticular Formation

Diffuse mass of gray matter along the brain stem

Involved in motor control of visceral organs

Reticular activating system (RAS

)

Slide55

Regions of the Brain:

Reticular Formation of the Brain Stem

Figure 7.16b

Slide56

Regions of the Brain: Cerebellum

Two hemispheres with convoluted

surfaces

Slide57

Regions of the Brain: Cerebellum

Figure 7.16a