Becoming a World Power Questioning the Causes Why would the United States choose to enter the competition for foreign lands and markets George Washingtons Warning entangling alliances Early Departures ID: 678395
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Slide1
American Imperialism (1877-1917)
Becoming a World PowerSlide2
Questioning the Causes
Why would the United States choose to enter the competition for foreign lands and markets?
George Washington’s Warning
“entangling alliances”
Early Departures:Monroe DoctrinePerry in Japan (1853)Causes of US Imperialism:EconomicIndustrialization, Competition, Need for MarketsDesire for world power?Slide3
Essential Question
To what extent was the late nineteenth-century and early twentieth century United States expansionism a continuation of past United States expansionism and to what extent was it a
departure?Slide4
For Imperialism
Economic Growth
Markets
Investments (banana republics)
Promote Security
Expand
Navy - Naval Advisory Board 1881
Preserve American Spirit
Henry Cabot Lodge, Theodore Roosevelt
Social Darwinism
Anti-Imperialism
Imperialism: Pros & Cons
Economic Expansion
Regional Tension War
Building Navy = European Model War
US should not
be potential leaders of oppressed foreign peoples
Parallel to treatment of American Indians
Manifestations
William Jennings Bryan
Anti-Imperialist League (1898)Slide5
William H. Seward
Secretary of State (1861-1869)
Annexations and Purchases
Nicaragua
Midway (1867)“Seward’s Folly” (1867)$7.2 millionLasting InfluenceKept England & France out of Civil WarInvoked Monroe Doctrine against Napoleon III in MexicoInspired trade treaty w/Hawaii (1875)Slide6
The “New” Imperialism
International Darwinism
Imperialism
“White Man’s Burden”
MissionariesJosiah StrongPoliticiansHenry Cabot LodgeNaval PowerThe Influence of Sea Power Upon History (Alfred T. Mahan, 1890)Impact of Asst. Sec. of Navy (Roosevelt)
Popular Press
Sensationalist journalismSlide7
Latin America
Blaine and the Pan-American Conference (1889)
Hemispheric cooperation
Tariff/trade policies
Cleveland, Olney, and the Monroe DoctrineChileAttack @ ValparaisoBrazilTroops end rebellionVenezuela (1895)Dispute w/British GuianaOlney Declaration
Led to US-British alliance
Spain in CubaSlide8
The Spanish-American War
Causes of War
Jingoism
Desire to become world power
Cuban Revolt“The Butcher” WeylerYellow JournalismPulitzer vs. HearstEvangelina CisnerosThe
DeLôme
Letter
The
USS MaineSlide9
McKinley’s Messages
Attempts at Peace/Ultimatum to Spain:
compensation
for
Maineend reconcentration camps.
truce
in
Cuba
independent Cuba
Spain accepts all except last stipulation
McKinley Goes to Congress“Put an end to the barbarities, bloodshed, starvation, and horrible miseries: in CubaProtect the lives and property of U.S. citizens living in CubaEnd “the very serious injury to the commerce, trade, and business of our people”End “the constant menace to our peace” arising from disorder in CubaResponse: The Teller AmendmentSelf-determination for CubaSlide10
A “Splendid Little War”
The Philippines (May 1-August 13, 1898)
Long to Dewey to Gridley
“fire when you are ready”
Spanish fleet destroyedManila capturedInvasion of CubaThe Rough Riders on San Juan HillRemainder of Spanish fleet destroyed @ Santiago Bay (July 3)Slide11
Results of the War
Treaty of Paris, 1898
Recognition of Cuban independence
U.S. acquisition of Puerto Rico and Guam
U.S. acquisition of the Philippines for $20 millionThe Philippine QuestionAguinaldo and the Independence MovementWar w/U.S. (1899-1902)Over 200,000 Filipinos killed
Independence not granted until 1946 (!)Slide12
Impact of the War
Insular Cases (1901-1904)
Question before the Court:
“Does the Constitution follow the flag?”
CubaPlatt AmendmentNo foreign agreementsAllow for US interventionAllow US naval bases (Guantanamo)Annexation of Hawaii
Sanford P. Dole & Liliuokalani (1893)
Cleveland against annexation
McKinley & Congress annex (1898)
Puerto Rico
Foraker Act (1900)
Election of 1900McKinley vs. BryanRecognition of U.S. PowerEnsuing debate over roleSlide13
Open Door Policy in China
History of Europeans in China:
Opium Wars
Spheres of Influence
John Hay’s “Open Door” (1899)Boxer Rebellion (1900)Cause: increased xenophobia and desire to remove outsidersImpact: further weakening of imperial regimeOpen Door Notes (1900)Preserve China’s territorial integrity
Safeguard “equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese empire.”Slide14
“Speak softly and carry a big stick.”
McKinley’s Assassination (1901)
TR becomes youngest President in history
The Panama Canal
RevolutionHay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)Building the CanalEstablishment of Canal ZoneThe Roosevelt Corollary (1904)Result of British involvement in VenezuelaThe “Great White Fleet”Expansion of Navy & World TourSlide15
Image Analysis -- CCOT
What impact did the Roosevelt Corollary have on the Monroe Doctrine and the United States’ role in world affairs?
The cartoon title is “The World’s Constable,” what is meant by this?
Explain ways in which the message of this cartoon is still true today.Slide16
Imperialism & Peace in East Asia
Russo-Japanese War (1904)
Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)
Manchurian negotiations
“Gentlemen’s Agreement” (1908)Restrict Japanese immigrationRoot-Takahira Agreement (1908)Mutual respect and support for Open Door policySlide17
William H. Taft’s Foreign Policy
Dollar Diplomacy
Investments would lead to greater stability
Railroads in China (1911)
Issues w/ManchuriaNicaraguaMarines sent to quell civil war (1912)The Lodge Corollary (1912)Added non-European nations (Asia) to Monroe DoctrineTaft opposedSlide18
Woodrow Wilson and Foreign Affairs
Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy
Spread democracy
Sec. of State: WJB
The PhilippinesJones Act (1916)Full territorial statusBill of rights & universal male suffrageIndependence w/arrival of stable gov’t
Puerto Rico
Jones-
Shafroth
Act (1917
)
Panama CanalRepealed US toll exemptionConciliation TreatiesInterventionMexicoTampico Incident (1914)Huerta vs. Carranza & VillaU.S. Expeditionary Force (Pershing)Slide19
Image Analysis:
Synthesis & CCOT