PDF-Cities Pose Special Hazards The stagnant atmospheric conditions of the heat wave trap

A map of heatrelated deaths in St Louis during 1966 for example shows a heavier concentration in the crowded alleys and towers of the inner city where air quality would also be poor during a heat wave The high innercity death rates also can be read. Urban Areas – An Environmental Challenge for Earth Observation. Barcelona. 13-15. . November. . 2012. www.smartcityexpo.com. Some Alternative Future Observations . of the Earth from Space at Night. Indoor Air Quality. Indoor Air Pollution. Indoor air contains higher concentrations of pollutants than outdoor air (up to 70x). Indoor air pollution usually is a greater threat to human health than outdoor air pollution.. . Advanced Placement Human Geography. Session 1. Urban Geography. What is urban geography?. Urban geography focuses on:. how cities . function. the internal . systems. and . structures. of cities. ‘. Pollution is. energy . or . matter . released . into . the environment . with. the. potential . to cause . adverse changes . to . an . ecosystem’. They . are usually released by . human activities . In terms of weight (tons) the Pearl River Delta contributes. . the . most pollution. BUT. Hong Kong produces pollution at a greater concentration. . Exposure to a high concentration of pollution is . Qenehelo A. Leuta, James P. Odendaal and . Arnelia N. Paulse. Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa. what is the nature of the atmosphere. We live at the bottom of a thin layer of gases surrounding the earth called the atmosphere, which is divided into smaller spherical layers. In the troposphere, the layer closest to earth, about 75-80% of the earths air mass is found here.. “Comparing the air of cities to the air of deserts and arid lands is like comparing waters that are befouled and turbid to waters that are fine and pure. In the city, because of the height of its buildings, the narrowness of its streets, and all that pours forth from its inhabitants and their superfluities…the air becomes stagnant, turbid, thick, misty, and foggy…If there is no choice in this matter, for we have grown up in the cities and have become accustomed to them, you should…select from the cities one of open horizons…endeavor at least to dwell at the outskirts of the city…”. Qenehelo A. Leuta, James P. Odendaal and . Arnelia N. Paulse. Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa. . Advanced Placement Human Geography. Session 3. Early Urbanization . Around the Mediterranean. Early Settlements. Settlements were . originally. established in the area around the eastern . Mrs. Page. ESS 2015. Significant. . Ideas. Pollution is a highly diverse phenomenon of human disturbances in ecosystems.. Management strategies can be applied at different levels. . Application & Skills. Assistant Professor. Department of Civil Engineering. SAL Institute of Technology & Engineering Research. Content . . Definition, Composition of atmospheric air, Classification and sources of air pollutants. Effects of air pollution on human, plant and material, Air pollution control methods, equipment and safety.. Criteria Pollutants are certain pollutants known to be harmful to human health and welfare and for which National Ambient Air Quality Standards are established. EPA has identified and set standards to protect human health and welfare for ozone, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, lead, and nitrogen oxide.. 1. Air Pollution. Air Pollution and Weather. Air pollution and weather are linked in two ways. One way concerns the influence that weather conditions have on the . dilution. and . dispersal. of air pollutants. .