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Communities in Nepal Communities in Nepal

Communities in Nepal - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2016-06-28

Communities in Nepal - PPT Presentation

Nepal is a small landlocked country in the central Himalayas between India and China What does landlocked mean Overview Nepal is located in a subtropical climate zone but has a varied climate due to its varying altitudes ID: 380725

tourism region land sherpas region tourism sherpas land hills environment government nepal deforestation everest people trekking nepal

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Communities in NepalSlide2

Nepal is a small landlocked country (in the central Himalayas between India and China)

What does landlocked mean?

OverviewSlide3

Nepal is located in a subtropical climate zone but has a varied climate due to its varying altitudes.

Overview

Lowest Point (

Terai

Plain) – 50m

Highest Point (Mt Everest) – 8848mSlide4

Nepal is divided into 3 landform regions:

The plains region: 50m-900m

The hills region: 900m-3000m

The Himalayan region: 3000m-8848mUsing the “Flora and Fauna of Nepal” info sheet draw and annotated diagram of Nepal

OverviewSlide5

The hills region was formerly forested due to Nepal’s increasing population (and lack of land) the steep slopes have been terraced and are now farmed.

The land has been degraded due to pressure on the land.

What does terraced mean?

The Hills RegionSlide6

This is primarily an agriculture region.

Rice is the main crop (grown up to 2000m)

Other crops include: wheat (planted after the rice), mustard (for cooking oil), corn (grown up the hill) and potatoes (grown up to 4000m)

The Hills RegionSlide7

Crops

Mustard

Potato

Corn

Wheat

RiceSlide8

The average size of land is about half a hectare (5000 sq.

metres

)

Around half the farmers are tenants and are in debt to moneylenders and forced to farm on poor landMany farmers clear their land to a 50 degree gradient (the government recommendation is 30 degrees)

This causes frequent landslides and deforestation is a problem.

What is deforestation?

The Hills RegionSlide9

DeforestationSlide10

Many former hill dwellers have migrated to

Kathmandu

(Nepal’s major city)

Kathmandu: Population: 800000 – Elevation: 1300mHowever, uneducated rural migrants find obtaining employment difficult and normally find “unskilled” jobs e.g. selling handicrafts, working in hotels (cooks, cleaners, waiters), day

labourers

for the wealthy or menial work in construction

What are unskilled jobs?

The Hills RegionSlide11

The increased urban population is putting pressure on the human and physical features of the environment

What might be some examples of this?

The Hills RegionSlide12

This is the main region for mountaineering and trekking in Asia

Mount Everest is locally known as

Khumbu

People who live in this region are Sherpas

Who are

Sherpas

?

The Himalayan RegionSlide13

Khumbu consists of high altitude rock, ice and snow

Fewer than 1% can be farmed, but other land is suitable for pasture

What does the term pasture mean?

Water is plentiful in this areaAbout 3000

Sherpas

live here in eight villages and in seasonal settlements at altitudes between 3000-5000

metres

The Environment and PeopleSlide14

The air at these higher altitudes is thinner than at sea levels and contains less oxygen, this makes it harder to breath

Sherpas

have adapted to this environment, they have a shorter and lighter physique and larger lungs and heart (that pumps more blood)

The Environment and PeopleSlide15

Sherpas’ land is

used for

crops and livestock that can handle higher altitudes

E.g. buckwheat, barley and potatoesIn summer Sherpas

take their Yaks up to the summer pastures for grazing

Sherpas

have also traded with people as far as northern India and Tibet

Land Use and EconomySlide16

The Mt Everest environment has some of the most spectacular alpine scenery in the world

The number of trekking expeditions that visit this region has increased

The

Sherpas have adapted their lifestyle around tourism, many have tourism based jobs as guides, cooks or porters

Work is seasonal but many

Sherpas

have full time positions

TourismSlide17

Many Sherpa homes are converted to lodges to cater for tourists

The increased income from tourism has helped

Sherpas

to maintain their traditional customsSherpas income

orginally

came from farming but in recent times it now comes primarily from tourism

This extra money has allowed for modern houses being constructed with electricity, TV, telephones and the internet

TourismSlide18

The Nepalese Government has developed schools, better transport and a hydro-electric power station

TourismSlide19

Sherpas

use timber from the Himalayan forests for fuel in their cold climate, tourism has increased this demand

Concern by the Nepalese Government about deforestation has lead to the creation of the

Sagarmartha

National Park (1976)

Conflict Over the EnvironmentSlide20

Originally the

Sherpas

resisted this attempt to conserve forest timber

In 1978 the government gave back management and control to the local Sherpas

The community responded by participating in a

reafforestation

program, the Nepalese Government has insisted on:

Trekking and mountaineering parties being self-sufficient in fuel, not relying on local timber

A ban on cutting of green timber for firewood around villages

Conflict Over the EnvironmentSlide21

A form of community based ecotourism is currently being

trialled

where villagers are actively involved in natural and cultural heritage conservation

The government aims to minimise the impact of tourism while still

maximising

on the benefits

“Sacred Sites Trial to

Khumbu

” (2003) was an initiative launched aims to integrate conservation needs while spreading the benefits of tourism to the wider community

Future Ecological Sustainability