Understanding Art is influenced by changes in society It is affected by economic forces which cause widespread migration war and a concentration of population in cities New countries emerge and social movements gain strength ID: 624405
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Slide1Slide2
Enduring
Understanding
Art is influenced by changes in society. It is affected by economic forces which cause widespread migration, war, and a concentration of population in cities. New countries emerge and social movements gain strength.Slide3
Enduring Understanding
Artists become more prominent members of society. Art movements come in rapid succession.
Art is seen in a new, often provoking way by the publicSlide4
Essential Knowledge
The late 18th century (known as the Enlightenment) is a period of scientific advancement. It was followed by the revolutionary principles of the Romantic period.Slide5
Essential knowledge
Artists belong to academies and show their work in salons
.
The salons in Paris grow more important.
Artists work less in the service of religion and more for other institutionsSlide6
How the Rococo
Happened
•
Louis XIV dies in
1715
–
Court members abandoned Versailles and moved back to Paris
–
Nobility/aristocracy gain
power
•
Accomplished, educated, upper
class
•
Starts as a form of interior design for the French
Aristocracy
•
Based on the word,
rocaille
, which means “pebble” and refers to the small stones and shells used in interior adornment
.
•
Feminine
style
Fete galante- “Rich people, doing rich people things in nature that is wild but nice.”Slide7
Characteristics of the Rococo
Courtly
life
Small/furniture
Sinuous
curves
Rubenista
color-pastels
Growing
nature-organic
Feminine
styleSlide8Slide9
“In
the early years of the 1700s, at the end of the reign of Louis XIV (who dies in 1715), there was a shift away from the classicism and "Grand Manner" (based on the art of Poussin) that had governed the art of the preceding 50 years in France, toward a new style that we call Rococo. The Palace of Versailles (a royal chateau that was the center of
politcal
power) was abandoned by the aristocracy, who once again took up residence in Paris. A shift away from the monarchy, toward the aristocracy characterizes the art of this period
.”Slide10
“What
kind of lifestyle did the aristocracy lead? Remember that the aristocracy had enormous political power as well as enormous wealth. Many chose leisure as a pursuit and became involved themselves in romantic intrigues. Indeed, they created a culture of luxury and excess that formed a stark contrast to the lives of most people in France. The aristocracy—only a small percentage of the population of France—owned over 90% of its wealth. A small, but growing middle class will not sit still with this for long (remember the French Revolution of 1789)
.”Slide11
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v
=iLsejn0h-9oSlide12
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=8_dwEbF-NiISlide13
101. The Swing
Rococo
Jean-Honore Fragonard
1767
Oil on CanvasSlide14Slide15Slide16
101. The Swing
Rococo
Jean-Honore Fragonard
1767
Oil on CanvasSlide17
As with most Rococo paintings, the subject of Fragonard's The Swing is not very complicated.
Two
lovers have conspired to get an older fellow to push the young lady in the swing while her lover hides in the bushes.
Their
idea is that—as she goes up in the swing, she can part her legs, and her lover can get a tantalizing view up her skirt.Slide18
The figures are surrounded by a lush, overgrown garden.
A
sculptured figure to the left puts his fingers to his mouth, as though saying "hush," while another sculpture in the background shows two cupid figures cuddled together.
The
colors are pastel pale pinks and greens, and although we have a sense of movement and a prominent diagonal line—the painting lacks the seriousness of a baroque painting.Slide19
If you look closely you can see the loose brushstrokes in the pink silk dress—and as she opens her legs, we get a glimpse of her stockings and garter belt.
It
was precisely this kind of painting that the philosophers of the Enlightenment were soon to condemn.
They
demanded a new style of art, one that showed an example of moral behavior, of human beings at their most noble. Slide20
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/later-europe-and-americas/enlightenment-revolution/v/fragonard-the-swing-1767Slide21
Form
Function
Content
Context
atmospheric perspective
an intrigue painting; patron hides in a bower; cupid asks the lady to be discreet or may be a symbol for the secret hiding of the patron
figures in a dominant garden like setting
A
Shift in French culture is happening as the aristocratic class rises and moves from Versailles to Paris
puffy clouds, rich vegetation, abundant flowers, sinuous curves
Art depicts what patrons want, a glimpse
into the aristocratic life
patron in lower left looking up the skirt of the lady, who boldly kicks off her shoe at the cupid statue
unsuspecting suitor swings her from behindSlide22
105
.
Self
Portrait
,
Rococo
Elisabeth Louise Vigee Le Brun
1790
,
Oil
on CanvasSlide23
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=FAN9s8qJqZ8Slide24Slide25Slide26
105
.
Self
Portrait
,
Rococo
Elisabeth Louise Vigee Le Brun
1790
,
Oil
on CanvasSlide27
Form
Function
Content
Context
Light Rococo touch to the coloring
Looks at the viewer as she paints a portrait of Marie Antoinette, who’s rendered from memory since she was killed during the French Revolution, subject in painting looks admiringly upon the painter
Forty
self-portraits,
all highly idealized
Inspired by the portraits of Rubens Slide28
How the Enlightenment happened
Anti Rococo
Nature and science
Isaac Newton and John Locke
Scientific questioning of everything
Voltaire and Rousseau
Thinking vs. feeling
Voltaire=progress through rational thinking/science
Rousseau= progress through feeling; man is good until perverted by society, return to "natural state"
Rousseau set the stage for the end of the Rococo eraSlide29
Artistic Characteristics for the Enlightenment
•A taste for the “Natural” – emotion/sentimentality/reality
•Rise of the middle class-England
–
Industrial revolution
•Alternative to aristocratic Rococo
–
Modest domestic settings in place of the glitter of courts and salons
•Influence from 17
th
C. Dutch Paintings- their portraits influence the British and provide the model for the Grand Manner
•Grand manner-British artists and connoisseurs used the term to describe paintings that incorporated visual metaphors in order to suggest noble qualities. Starts first with History paintings and extends to portraits
•Veduta- characteristic scenes of a city sold to tourists
•Family Values
–
The “good Mother” themeSlide30
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v
=nly9r_xYyPASlide31Slide32
98. The Tete a Tete from Marriage a la Mode
Enlightenment
,
William
Hogarth
1743
,
Oil
on canvasSlide33
Form
Function
Content
Context
triad- light pastels- not Rococo
Narrative paintings
Breakfast Scene
: shortly after the marriage, each partner has been pursuing pleasures without the other.
One of six scenes in a suite of paintings called
Marriage a la mode
Highly satiric paintings about aristocratic English society and those who would like to buy their way into it
Filled with narrative symbols… typical, broken sword means either weakness or lack of sexual prowess, and the chair is knocked over as the young wife’s “suitor” has just departed… there are more of course Slide34Slide35
100. A philosopher giving a Lecture at the Orrery
Enlightenment
,
Joseph
Wright of Derby
1765
,
Oil
on CanvasSlide36
“An
orrery
is a mechanical model of the solar system, a miniature, clockwork planetarium. Each planet, with its moons, is a sphere attached to a swing arm which allows it to rotate around the sun when cranked by hand. When in motion, the
orrery
depicts the orbits of each planet, as well as their relative relationship to each other. The
orrery
depicted by Wright has large metal rings which can simulate eclipses, and give the model a striking and exciting three-
dimensionality”.
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v
=yKS7C0dC-bUSlide37Slide38
Form
Function
Content
Context
tenebrism
demonstrates the importance of the role of science
lamp in the center is the sun
Influenced by a meeting of group of intellectuals called the Lunar Society, who met once a month to discuss current scientific discoveries and developments
each human face represents a phase of the moon
it replaced the Classical subject at the center of the scene with one of a scientific nature.
mixed group of middle class people in attendance representing all ages of men; young women seated to the left
orrery is an early form of planetarium, imitating the motion of the solar system
industrial picture
some curious, some contemplative, wonder, fascinated; the philosopher is based loosely on Isaac Newton- he demonstrates an eclipseSlide39Slide40