Reza Khan Shah 19251941 Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi 19411978 Quiz question Name two advantages that allowed religious opponents of the Shah to be more effective than his secular opponents ID: 597848
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "The Monarchs" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
The Monarchs
Reza Khan Shah1925-1941Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi1941-1978Slide2
Quiz question
Name two advantages that allowed religious opponents of the Shah to be more effective than his secular opponents.Slide3
Sources of Discontent
U. S. InterventionOther concerns
Muhammad
Mossadeq
Prime Minister 1951-53
Nationalized Oil Industry
Overthrown in CIA backed coup 1953
Corruption
U.S Domination
40,000 Americans
Massive U.S. Arms Deals
Modernizing Reforms
1959 Women’s Vote
1960- Land reform
Lack of Political Reform
Uneven Development
1970s InflationSlide4
A Failed Opposition and a Seemingly Powerful Regime
Opposition Regime Strengths
National Front (
Mossadeq’s
party) Calls for a return to constitutional monarchy
Tudeh
Party of Iran (Communist)
Fedaian
guerrillas
People’s Mujahedin (left Islamic guerrilla movement)
Oil Wealth
U.S. Support
5
th
largest Army in the World
Savak
–A massive and brutal secret police organization with 20,000 members and over 180,000 informantsSlide5
Questions--
Group1: It is 1978.You are organizing opposition to the Shah.P. 49 “It seems reasonable to claim that insurgency through religion was not simply their only choice, but the only option left to them.”Explain why religious mobilization might be more effective than secular mobilization, perhaps even your “only option.”
What resources (material and/or ideological) can you make use of? (See chart)
Why might these resources be effective in promoting your insurgency?
Group 2:
It is 1980.
You are CIA analysts. What went wrong? Why did you fail to foresee the fall of the Shah and the rise of the Islamic republic?
(Note that God’s Century indicates that the CIA had dismissed a call by Earnest
Oney
“Mullah Ernie,” to focus on religious leaders prior to the revolution.)
What lessons should the CIA learn from its failure in Iran?