The Italian CityStates and the New Moncarchs Why did the Renaissance begin in northern Italy Geography is destiny The Italian CityStates and the New Moncarchs Why did the Renaissance begin in northern Italy ID: 794839
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Slide1
The Italian City-States and the New Monarchs
Slide2The Italian City-States and the New Moncarchs
Why did the Renaissance begin in northern Italy?
“Geography is destiny!”
Slide3The Italian City-States and the New Moncarchs
Why did the Renaissance begin in northern Italy?
Northern Italian cities witnessed the birth of the commercial revolution:
Trade/money lending
Banking
Capitalism
Slide4Social Structure of Italian City-States
Grandi
Land holding nobles
Popolo
grasso
Professionals and guild leaders
Slide5Social Structure of Italian City-States
Middle Burgher
Guild craftsmen
Popolo
minuto
Lower classes
excluded from guilds, civic participation
Slide6Political development of City-States
12
th
century Communes:Larger cities won independence from local lords
Became self governing communes of free men
Run by guilds
Slide7Political development of City-States
Oligarchy:
Grandi
(
local nobles) and
popolo
grassi (wealthy merchant families) combined to create new ruling class
Set up property requirements for citizenship
Excluded
popolo
minuto
Slide8Political development of City-States
Republics:
Popolo
minuto
rebelled, grabbed power in some cities
Oligarches
hired condottieri to regain political control
Signori
:
Rule by one man
Slide9Five Major Italian Renaissance Powers
Republics
Venice
Florence
Medici banking family
Principality of Milan
After Visconti, ruled by the Sforza condottieri
Slide10Five Major Italian Renaissance Powers
Papal States
Temporal power in the hands of the popes
Kingdom of Naples
Did not experience the same type of cultural rebirth as the north
Slide11Disunity in Italy
Balance of Power
Established in the Peace of Lodi 1454
Establishment of modern diplomacy with ambassadors and embassies
Slide12Disunity in Italy
Disunity
City state patriotism and constant competition for power
Prevented political centralization
Slide13Decline of the City-States
Decline sparked by the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453
Why?
1494, Peace of Lodi fell apart, Italy returned to constant warfare
Lack of unity in Italy allowed new nation-states to take advantage
Slide14Hapsburg-Valois Wars
Invited by Milan, France invaded under Charles VII
Ferdinand of Aragon created League of Venice
Spain vs. France
Involvement of the papacy in temporal affairs
Borgias
: Alexander VIPope Julius II, “Warrior Pope”
Slide15Hapsburg-Valois Wars
Charles I of Spain elected Holy Roman Emperor (Charles V) in 1519
Italy became a battleground as France, Spain and the Holy Roman Emperor vied for dominance
Slide16End of the High Renaissance
1527 Sack of Rome by Charles V
Slide17Rise of the New Monarchs
What was it?
Transition from feudalism to unified nation-states
Process:
Subjugation of the nobility and the Church
Rise of nationalism
Growing importance of towns in society
Slide18Rise of the New Monarchs
Slide19Characteristics of New Monarchies
Taxes, wars, and laws
Local >>>>National
Process of Centralization:
Proto-bureaucracy of local officials loyal to and paid by the state
New state officials were composed
of the new middle class
Slide20Characteristics of New Monarchies
Irrelevance of representative assemblies
Use of professional standing armies
State control of religion
Slide21Spanish Unification
Centralization:
Stopped violence among the nobles-
hermandad
Royal council of “middle class” advisors
right to appoint bishops in Spain and the Empire
Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella in 1469
Slide22Spanish Unification
1478 Establishment of the Inquisition
Used as a political tool for unification
Conversos
suspect due to “race” and not beliefs
1492 expel Jews from Spain
Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella in 1469
Slide23French Monarchs
Charles VII
Permanent royal army
Tax on salt (
gabelle
)and land(
taille
)
Middle class influence in bureaucracy
Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges
allowed French crown control over appointments of clergy
superiority of a general council over the papacy
Slide24French Monarchs
Louis XI the “Spider King”
Treacherous
Fostered industry, taxed it, used funds to build up the army
Conquered Burgundy
Acquired counties of Anjou, Bar, Maine, and Provence
Concordat of Bologna
Right to appoint French bishops and abbots
Slide25English Monarchs
Edward IV
Ended War of the Roses
Henry VII
Establishes law and order at the local level following civil war, War of the Roses
Center of royal authority was the royal council at the national level
Slide26English Monarchs
Henry VII
Ruled largely without Parliament
Parliament was the arena where nobility exerted its power
revenue controlled by Parliament
Slide27English Monarchs
Henry VII
Advisors from lower-level gentry origins
Court of Star Chamber used against nobility
Violated common law
Slide28Rise of the New Monarchs