Case Study 2 Italian Expansion 18701933 Italy in 1815 What appears to be the state of Italy in 1815 according to the map Italian Unification Occurs in 1861 efforts of Cavour and Garibaldi ID: 683225
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Slide1
Italian and German Expansion, 1933-1940
Case Study #2Slide2
Italian Expansion, 1870-1933Slide3
Italy in 1815
What appears to be the state of Italy in 1815 according to the map?Slide4
Italian Unification
Occurs in 1861 (efforts of Cavour and Garibaldi)
Still divided across geographic, religious, and social lines
This, along with involvement in WWI, weakened the Italian government and caused civil unrest
Camillo
de Cavour
Guiseppi
GaribaldiSlide5
Liberal Italy
Period between 1870 and 1923
Weakness during this period facilitated the development of Fascism
People choose type of government
Open, free elections
Protection of individual rightsSlide6
Lack of National Identity
Laws and politics of
Piedmont
were imposed on other states
Regionalism still powerful
Most support for gov’t found in industrialized areas
North
Industrialized
Nationalist
South
RuralRegionalistSlide7
The Catholic Church
Breakdown in relations between the State and the Church after unification
Worsened by anti-clerical policies
Catholics urged by the Vatican not to vote until 1914Slide8
Working-class Protest
Politics dominated by middle- and upper-class
Liberal governments infamous for corruption and misrepresentation
Working-class protests and strikes grow in the 19
th
century
1892- Italian Socialist Party (PSI) founded
Red Week- July 1914Slide9
Working-class Protest
Giovanni
Giolitti
- Prime minister from 1903-1914
Moderate; wanted support of the masses
Electoral and welfare reformAllow religious education in schools
Seizure of Libya in the Italian-Turkish War (1911-12) garnered criticism from the left
Two largest parties were PSI and Catholic Party after WWISlide10
Nationalist Opposition
Italian Nationalist Association
founded in 1910 by
Filippo
Marinetti
Glorified war; criticized gov’t for failure in becoming a “Great Power”Unification unfinished without
Trentino
and
Trieste
(belongs to Austria)Also wanted an empireOnly minor gains in Africa
Humiliated by Abyssinia in 1896 after attempt at conquestSlide11
Funeral of the Anarchist Galli
, Carlo
Carra
(1910-11)Slide12
Fascist Synthesis
- Alessandro
Bruschetti
(1935)Slide13
The Treaty of London, signed by Britain, France, Italy, and Russia on April 16, 1915
Article 4
By the future treaty of peace, Italy is to receive the district of
Trentino
; the entire Southern Tyrol up to its natural geographical frontier, which is the
Bremner
Pass; the city and district of Trieste; the Country of
Groizia
and
Gradisca; the entire Istria
Article 9France, Great Britain and Russia admit in principle that fact of Italy’s interest in the maintenance of the political balance of power in the Mediterranean, and her rights, in case of a partition of Turkey, to a share, equal to theirs, in the basin of the MediterraneanArticle 11
Italy is to get a share in the war indemnity corresponding to the magnitude of her sacrifices and effortsSlide14
What is Fascism?Slide15
Origin and Definition
No clear founding doctrine or manifestation in history
Commonly attributed to
Giovanni Gentile
Fascism
tends to include a belief in the supremacy of one national or ethnic group, a contempt for democracy, an insistence on
obedience
to a powerful leader, and a strong demagogic approach.Slide16
What is Fascism Against?
Communism
Class struggle
Internationalism
Multi-party system
Liberal democracyPacifismSlide17
Key Features of Fascism
Nationalism
Militarism
Social Darwinism
Authoritarian
Social UnitySlide18
Nationalism
Nation-state, its culture and history, as a unifying force
Desire to remove foreign influences
Own nation is superior to othersSlide19
Militarism
Political violence and war to as a means to revitalize society
Violence necessary for progress
Paramilitary organizations
Italian
BlackshirtsSlide20
Social Darwinism
Belief that races and nations have evolved as superior to others
“Survival of the fittest”Slide21
Social Unity
Opposes class-based divisions in society
Promotes collective national society
Workers assembly in an occupied Fiat factory, 1920Slide22
Authoritarianism
Totalitarian
State has influence/control over all aspects of society
Strong leader or dictator
People are subservient to the state
“Obedience not discussion”- Benito MussoliniSlide23
Authoritarianism
Militarism
Social Darwinism
Social Unity
Nationalism
Fascism
To what extent does Japan during the 1930s resemble a fascist society?