The national development plan, national system of innovatio - PowerPoint Presentation

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The national development plan, national system of innovation and higher education

The Second HESA Biennial Research and Innovation ConferenceCSIR, 3-4 April 2012

Michael KahnStellenbosch University, Matieland 7602mikejkahn@gmail.com

Research and Innovation AssociatesSlide2

China #1

United States #2India #3Brazil #7 (wrong! It’s already #6)Egypt #19 (that’s before the Arab Spring!)ZA # 30 (down from #28)

HSBC: The World in 2050Slide3

Crisis of exclusion: poverty

Crisis of growth: globalization and technological change Crisis of the environment: going grey, not greenEconomy 1: Formal and wealthy ~ like Norway, but warmer Economy 2: Informal and poor ~ unquantified

Economy 3: Offshore ~ the ‘Brand’ Trek over the Limpopo

South Africa: three crises and three economiesSlide4
Slide5

Houston

London

Perth

Cape TownSlide6

Bits of the puzzle…

Employment in MiningEmployment

in AgricultureSlide7

Composition of GDPSlide8

So where to?Slide9

A national innovation system is ….

UNIVERSITIES

9 SCIENCE COUNCILS

BUSINESS

100s NGOs

55 GOVT. DEPTS INSTITUTES & MUSEUMS

POLITICAL

LEGAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

CULTURAL

STANDARDS

ASSOCIATONS

LINKAGES

I.P. RIGHTS

S&T SERVICES

UTILITIES

INFORMAL

SECTORSlide10

Korea 343

USPTO patents over 1963 to 1987ZA 1744 USPTO patents over 1963 to 1987Korea 57625 USPTO patents over 1987 to 2008ZA 2232 USPTO patents over 1987 to 2008

Norway 3898 USPTO patents over 1987 to 2008

There is no IP in an ingot of gold or a

tonne

of coal

High tech exports comprise small volume of exportsOur manufacturers seek technology via foreign partners

What are we going to be doing differently

?

A missing pieceSlide11

PLATINUM GROUP MINING

Ore extraction, crushing & separation technologyPumps, coolers, machines & conveyors CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGYSurfactantsFlocculantsExplosives

BIOTECHNOLOGYBioleachingBiodegrationINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYElectronic detonatorsSensorsSimulationTomographyControl systemsRemote sensing

MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

HaulageRefrigeration , generators & compressorsJewelery

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY

Water managementChemical recyclingZero emission technologiesMARKETSMining technology

Project management expertise

CATALYSTS & FINE CHEMICALS

Auto catalysts

Fuel cell catalysts

Pharamceuticals

EXPLORATION

Geotechnology

Mapping

Enhancing competitiveness

in the Platinum Group Mining clusterSlide12

Korea – GERD/GDP; BERD/GERD

From 0,8% to 1,5% => from 18500 to 41500 researchers Slide13

Thanda Bantu…

Full-time equivalent researchersSlide14

Ensure policy consistency

Sub-output 5.1.3: Increase the output of doctoral graduates to 1,350 per annum by 2014. Slide15

RDP

GEARASGISA …..The New Growth Path(The Nationalization Debate)Industrial Policy Action Plan 1,2,3

Green Paper on PSETVision for 2030

F

rom Apartheid Development State to Lean State to Developmental State II?Slide16

“A developmental state may be perceived as one that “authoritatively, credibly, legitimately and in a binding manner is able to formulate and implement its policies and programmes. This entails possessing a

developmentalist ideology that privileges industrialization, economic growth and expansion of human capabilities. Such a state also has to be able to construct and deploy the institutional architecture within the state and mobilize society towards the realization of its developmentalist project. A developmental state is therefore defined in political, ideological and institutional terms.”(ECA, 2011).

A Development State is …Slide17

Too few South Africans work

The quality of school education for most black people is sub-standardPoorly located and inadequate infrastructure limits social inclusion and faster economic growthSpatial challenges continue to marginalise the poorSouth Africa’s growth path is highly resource-intensive and hence unsustainableThe ailing public health system confronts a massive disease burdenThe performance of the public service is unevenCorruption undermines state legitimacy and service deliverySouth Africa remains a divided society

NPC diagnosticSlide18

New Growth Path: A Workers Utopia where the Competition Commission levels the playing field

Industrial Strategy tries to be all things to all people; lacks focus; weak understanding of innovationGreen Paper on PSET is supply side driven; weak understanding of innovation; inclusion is the main objectTen Year Innovation Plan – also supply side driven– has captured the research and innovation policy space – deferred to by NGP, IPAP, PSET and NPCWhere are the new policies taking us?Slide19

Much can be achieved with existing technologies. It is not so much a case of a poverty of technology, as a poverty of politics.

Constructing and implementing solutions requires analytic and technical skill, careful navigation of political constraints, and willingness to learn from one’s mistakes. Technology, through the digital revolution, plays a considerable part in detecting and promoting corruption, and in service delivery. Morality and shared values go to the heart of healing our national divides. The social sciences and humanities play the key role in understanding and perhaps mitigating these issues.  

Concerned scientists submission to NPC …Slide20

Ours is a small science and innovation system comparable with Norway, whose population is ten times smaller. But Norway has 25,000 FTE researchers compared with our 19,000. In 2007 we produced 5045 scientific publications; Norway 6815. In 1990 USPTO awards were 115 for both; Norway is now 240, while we are still at 116. Norway’s output of PhDs/million of population was 151, compared with our 27. One exception is the registration of plant cultivars where we are internationally competitive. SET graduates currently comprise 20% of the total.

This should rise to 40% over the next ten to fifteen years.Slide21

To revitalize postgraduate training we must raise investment levels, hire and retain the best staff, and hunt for this talent locally and globally. We note that our salaries are globally competitive, which implies that the search is one that perhaps requires but a political nod. A sustained and well-funded campaign to train graduates in specific skills, locally and abroad, must be instituted, especially in new and emerging technologies. In order to reduce churn or dropout such a campaign should include measures to build social cohesion in the academic enterprise.

Suspend immigration restrictions for the highly skilledSlide22

Enhancing higher (vocational and further) education pivots on well-functioning schools that provide quality education in science, mathematics and technology to boys and girls in a well-rounded curriculum.

Re-establish the Dinaledi Academies under DHET Slide23

One of the tasks of government is to ensure the enabling environment that nurtures such creativity, especially regarding intellectual property rights, an essential step in commercialization. Intangibles require different regulations to the tangibles of physical capital and money.

Review IPR legislation to remove disincentives Slide24

Foster local design and production especially in capital goods - heavy industry, including energy-efficient power station generators and heat exchangers, locomotives, ships and new generation airships for moving people and heavy loads. This would require cooperation among state-owned enterprises, science councils, the private sector and higher education. At least two policy issues call for attention - ensuring access to local raw materials at prices near cost.

Stipulate that consortia with foreign firms include local production and technology transfer requirements. Slide25

Enabling people to live with dignity in affordable, fire resistant shelter, near to sources of employment and with access to safe transport is a sine qua non and not rocket science.

Human settlement is a socio-economic and political process, and an engineering issue Slide26

For the next few decades commodities will dominate the economy. In the same way that infrastructure development may foster industrial diversification, so too for the minerals base.One appreciates the issue of economies of scale, yet remains perplexed to see steel coil sail away and motor car door panels return.

Local must be lekkerSlide27

The overarching project must be the war on poverty, in all its manifestations: access to services, shelter, safety, and economic and social opportunity. This would necessitate an agency with the sole remit to steer, plan and coordinate such a drive, and for it to be staffed with the high-skilled visionaries who can see the opportunities of the contemporary era and have the flexibility, authority and integrity to take the considered risks that make for such innovation.

Declare war on poverty, under a general staff that coordinates the science and innovation systemSlide28

In our view IPAP is too broad, apparently seeking to make everyone happy. To plan is to choose, and IPAP has not been sharp enough in going for capital goods that are central to the First Economy. Allied to this should be intensification of niche manufacturing and services activities such as catalysis, telemetry, encryption and software engineering.

Build the capital goods sectorSlide29

Support the Third Economy, and build the African common market, in all its manifestations, water, mining, manufacturing and services. This would necessitate government and the private sector operating synergistically in the international domain. Such rapprochement can but benefit the domestic economy as well. The project requires skilful diplomacy across the equator and the South Atlantic, and includes tangible, if not essential scientific cooperation in response to climate change, and food and water security.

Food and water security, with mitigation of climate change is the third national projectSlide30

Resuscitate capacity in Foresight A Presidential Council on Science and Innovation should replace NACI. The Council will be provided with professional research support that will ensure that prioritization and agenda setting are carried out with rigour and vigour, that resources are allocated to a well-defined set of major initiatives, and that the institutional landscape is fit for purpose.

PCRI will cover all facets of innovation – technological, social, public sector, education, and (promote) accountability, transparency and responsiveness. Establish aPresidential Council on Science & Innovation  Slide31

Vision for 2030

scopes many of the right things!!!!Celebrate SARChI, the CoEs and ESASTAP !!!!Celebrate and insist on opennessRe-think the meaning of the majority classroomInvestigate the impact of social class

Remain focused on core competences: “The most important impacts (of higher education) are of an indirect nature, such as through the supply of highly educated and skilled personnel” (Fagerberg, 2006). Build the SET base.Work with the National Planning Commission to realize Vision for 2030

Higher education …Slide32

CHINA & INDIA

BRAZIL

RUSSIA

(USA)

SOUTH AFRICA

HR

(EU)

We

bring the African ball to the BRIC

Club

Resources

Services