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Unit 3  The Life of a Cell Unit 3  The Life of a Cell

Unit 3 The Life of a Cell - PowerPoint Presentation

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Unit 3 The Life of a Cell - PPT Presentation

Chapter 6 Chemistry Chapter 7173 Cells Chapter 627281 Diffusion Plasma Membrane Cellular transport 8283 Cell Reproduction Ch 9 Energy Photosynthesis Respiration 71 Discovery of Cells basic unit of life ID: 670336

cells cell energy membrane cell cells membrane energy organelles plasma nucleus cytoplasm structure organisms functions transport chapter light protein

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Slide1

Unit 3 The Life of a Cell

Chapter 6 Chemistry

Chapter 7.1/7.3 Cells

Chapter 6.2/7.2/8.1 Diffusion, Plasma Membrane, Cellular transport

8.2/8.3 Cell Reproduction

Ch 9 Energy (Photosynthesis, Respiration)Slide2

7.1 Discovery of Cells- basic unit of life

What caused sickness and disease?

Bad Blood Curses Supernatural spirits

Chapter 7- A View of a CellSlide3

Micro “small” scope “to look at”

1

st- Anton van LeeuwenhoekSimple “one lens” vs. compound “2+ lenses”

Examples

MicroscopeSlide4

Robert Hooke (1665)

“cell” looked like monk’s living quarters

Cork from an Oak treeSchleiden and Schwann (1830s)All plants are composed of cells

Cell TheorySlide5

All organisms are composed of one or more cells

Cells are the basic unit of organization

Cells come from preexisting cells

Cell TheorySlide6

Use electrons instead of light to pass over/through an object

Up to 500,000 X

(large and expensive)Electron Microscope (1940s)Slide7

All cells contain organelles, not all are surrounded by membranes.

Prokaryotic- without membrane-bound organelles

Eukaryotic- organelles clearly present all

multicellular

organisms are eukaryotes

Two basic types of cellsSlide8

Cell TypesSlide9

Unicellular organisms

No membranes

SmallUnicellular/

multicellular

Organelles clearly present

Up to 100X larger

Prokaryotic vs. EukaryoticSlide10

Semipermeable, flexible boundary between the cell and its environment

Allows some material to pass, while keeping out others

In  Oxygen and foodOut

Carbon dioxide and waste

Water

7.2 Plasma MembraneSlide11

Organs perform specific functions in our body

Organelles have specific functions in a cell

7.3 Eukaryotic Cell StructureSlide12

Plasma Membranecontrols what enters and exits

Cell Wall

Inflexible structure surrounding the plasma membraneSupport for plants  cellulose

fungi  chitin

most bacteria and some

protists

Cell BoundariesSlide13

Nucleus

Contains directions to make proteins (DNA)

Every cell part depends on proteinsChromatin- strands of DNA which form chromosomes

during cell reproduction

Cell ControlSlide14

Nucleolus

- dense area within nucleus that produces

ribosomes

Ribosomes

- produce proteins (DNA control)

Cell ControlSlide15

DNA

 RNA  Ribosome  Protein

(in nucleus) (in cytoplasm)

Cytoplasm

- clear, gel-like fluid

Nuclear Envelope

- membrane surrounding

the nucleus

Cell ControlSlide16

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)- folded series of membranes in cytoplasm

Large surface area for reactions

Smooth ER- production/storage of lipidsRough ER- contains

ribosomes

(protein)

Assembly, Transport, StorageSlide17

Golgi Apparatus:Modifies, packages, and sends proteins

Also the “bladder” of the cell (waste)

Vacuoles: compartments for temporary storagePlants 

one large central vacuole

Animals

many small vacuoles

Assembly, Transport, StorageSlide18
Slide19

Lysosome

Contains digestive enzymes

Digest: excess or old organelles, food, invading viruses or bacteria“suicide bag” (apoptosis)Assembly, Transport, StorageSlide20
Slide21

How did you get the energy to be here?

Sun

 plants animals respirationEnergy TransformersSlide22

Chloroplast- organelle that captures light and converts it into chemical energy

Chlorophyll- green pigment that captures light energy

Energy TransformersSlide23

Stroma

- fluid in chloroplast

Grana- stacks of disk-shaped structuresThylakoid-

disk-shaped

structure that

converts light into

chemical energy

ChloroplastSlide24

Mitochondria

Organelle that perform cellular respiration

Breakdown food to release energyOnly organelle other than nucleus with DNAWhy?

Speeds up protein production

Energy TransformersSlide25

Structure:Matrix- area inside the inner-membrane

Cristae

-folds increasing membrane areaMitochondriaSlide26
Slide27

Cytoskeleton

- support structure within the cytoplasm

Microtubules- thin, hollow cylinders of proteinMicrofilaments- smaller, solid protein fibers

Anchor and support organelles

Provide a path through cytoplasm

Support and LocomotionSlide28

Cilia

-

short, numerous, hair-like projections from the cytoplasmCoordinated movement (the wave)Flagella- longer projections moving in a whip-like motion

Move single-celled organisms

Multicellular

- move fluids over a cells surface

Support and LocomotionSlide29

Differences

Plant Cells

Animal Cells

Cell wall and plasma membrane

One large vacuole

Chloroplasts

autotrophic

Plasma membrane

Flexible

Many small vacuoles

Centrioles

Made of microtubules

Present during cell reproductionSlide30

Unicellular

All life functions are carried out within cell

MulticellularIndividual cells have specialized functions

Cellular OrganizationSlide31

Cell - muscle cell

Tissue - skeletal muscle

Organ - bicepOrgan System - muscular systemOrganism - human

OrganizationSlide32