SocialCognitive Theories Socialcognitive perspective emphasized the interaction of cognitive behavioral environmental and learning factors which affect personality How do your thoughts behaviors amp environment influence your personality ID: 620186
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Slide1
AP Psychology
Social-Cognitive Theories Slide2
Social-cognitive perspective emphasized the
interaction
of cognitive, behavioral, environmental and learning factors, which affect personality.How do your thoughts, behaviors & environment influence your personality?
Social-cognitive perspectiveSlide3
Perspective stating that understanding personality involves considering the
situation and thoughts before, during, and after an
eventSocial-Cognitive Perspective Albert Bandura (1925- )Slide4
Social Cognitive differs from Humanistic & Psychoanalytic Perspectives in Three Ways:
It relies heavily on experimental findings
It emphasizes conscious, self-regulating behaviorIt emphasizes that our sense of self (personality) can vary
, depending on our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a given situation.Slide5
The Social-Cognitive Perspective:
Interacting with Our Environment
Albert BanduraSlide6
Reciprocal determinism
- explains personality
is the result of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factorsAccording to Bandura, personality is influenced by:Thoughts (cognition), The way a person acts (behavior), The environment one grows up in.
Social Cognitive Perspective
Key TermsSlide7
Reciprocal DeterminismSlide8
Self-efficacy
—
the beliefs or opinions a person has about him or herself, also influence personality. The thought of “I think I can” would positively affect the way a person acts when performing a task or activitySocial Cognitive PerspectiveKey TermsSlide9
The sense that one can control the outcome of one
’
s environmentWe develop this in childhood but it continues as a lifelong process.Self-Efficacy-Acquisition
Performance Outcomes
Self-Modeling
Verbal
Encouragment
Emotional State
Development of Self-Efficacy
Behavior and PerformanceSlide10
We
develop new behaviors and strengthen our self-efficacy by
observing others and through mastery experiences.Different from Self-Esteem which is more global – How you feel about yourself in overall.
Self-
Efficacy-StrengthsSlide11
The Social-Cognitive Perspective:
Personal Control
Julian Rotter and Martin SeligmanSlide12
Rotter believed that learning results in
expectancies
, which are our expectations of the outcome of a situation. Julian Rotter—expectancy theory
These expectancies guide behavior
Example: personal effort, through what we think is going to happen- this can also be influenced by our sense of control in a situationSlide13
The perception that chance, or
forces
beyond a person’s control, control one’s fateThe expectation to fail because you did not write the test, or don’t know what is going to be on the test
External Locus of ControlSlide14
The perception that
we control our own
fateYou control how long and how much you study, resulting in the expectation that you can pass the test
Internal Locus of ControlSlide15
Seligman
believed that learned helplessness results when people who repeatedly attempt something and continuously fail will eventually give upMartin Seligman
--
Learned
helplessness
Slide16
Martin Seligman studied dogs that were unable to escape a painful stimulus and eventually stopped trying to escape.
Learned HelplessnessSlide17
Learned HelplessnessSlide18
The Social-Cognitive Perspective:
Evaluating the
PerspectiveSlide19
Evaluation of Social Cognitive Perspective
Well-grounded
in empirical, laboratory researchHowever, laboratory experiences are rather simple and may not reflect the complexity of human interactionsIgnores the influences of unconscious, emotions, conflicts instead placing responsibility of behavior firmly on ourselves.Slide20
Freud
Human aggression is a universal unconscious instinct controlled by the superego and restraints of society.Bandura
All
behavior is driven by
conscious
goals and motives.
Aggression
is the result of a deliberate, rational choice in a particular situation.
Freud vs. Bandura on
Human Aggression