INTENSIVE PRODUCTION IN TANZANIAN AGRICULTURE - PowerPoint Presentation

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INTENSIVE PRODUCTION IN TANZANIAN AGRICULTUREMAKING IT HAPPEN

APPG Tanzania Britain Tanzania SocietyMarch 6th, 2018Antony Ellman

Smallholders and/or Large Farms?

1967

2012

Population statistics

Total population

Growth

rate pa (%)

Rural/urban (%)

Female headed households (%)

12 million

3.1%

90/10

20%

45 million

2.7%

67/33

33%

Land

use

Total area (ha)

Cultivated area (%)

Irrigated area (%)

Forested area (%)

94 million

18%

0.3%

50%

94 million

23%

0.5%

36%

Farm size

Overall

average (ha)

Farms below 5ha (%)

Farms 5-100ha (%)

Large scale land acquisitions (ha)

3.2

93%

7%

-

2.4

91%

8.5%

250,000

Medium-large commercial

< 5%Small-scale commercial 5-10% STEP UP! Potential small-scale commercial30 - 40% HANG INSubsistence farmers30 - 50%STEP OUT?Landless households5 - 10%

DFID Conceptual Framework on Agriculture

Condition 1: Land Rights

Essentials:

Secure tenure

Full utilisation

Sustainable use

Land Categories:

Land category

% of total

Governed by

Village land

70%

Village Land Act 1999

Reserve land

25%

Forest Act 2002

Wildlife Conservation Act 2009

General land

5%

Land Act 1999

Land Policies:

Land Policy 1995:

recognises Customary Rights but inadequately protected

allows leases to large scale commercial

investors

Draft Land Policy 2016:

aims to prevent land grabs, ensure sustainable use, and protect rights of marginalised groups (women, pastoralists, hunters)

Condition 2: Choice of Production Enterprise

Essentials:

High yielding varieties/strains

Quick maturing crops/livestock

Labour intensive production

Drought tolerance

Pest and disease resistance

High demand, high value

Opportunities for value addition

Examples:

Food products

Marketable commodities

Hybrid maize, rice

Sorghum, millets

Cassava, bananas

Potatoes, yams

Legume crops

Fruits and vegetables

Oilseeds

Poultry and dairy products

Coffee, tea, cocoa, cashew

Cotton, sisal, tobacco, pyrethrum

Export horticulture

Flowers and flower seeds

Oilseeds

Forest products, spices

Organic and fair-traded products

Medicinal plants

Artemisia Annua – antimalarial plant

5 months from planting

Seedling nursery

Condition 3: Choice of Production Technology

Essentials:

Labour intensity

Land intensity

Manageability

Affordability/economic viability

Environmental sustainability

(protecting soils, water, forests)

Conservation Agriculture - 3 Pillars:

Minimum or zero tillage

Permanent soil cover

Crop diversification

Soil management 1964

Broad-based terraces in wheat fields, Karatu District, 1964

President

Nyerere, Vice President Kawawa and Antony, 1964

Soil management 2014

Broad-based terraces stand the test of time

Conservation Agriculture 2018

Ox-Drawn Injection Planter

Hand-pushed Jab Planter

Condition 4: Smallholder Support Services

Agricultural research:

Adaptive

On farm and on station

Farmer participation

Extension and training:

Farmer field schools

Product linked

Access to finance:

Sources, terms

Security, group liability

Access to markets:

Transport and road infrastructure

Storage

Market information

Objective:To overcome diseconomies of small scale Input supply Equipment use Farmer Training Credit provision Storage and marketsOptions:Co-operatives (inputs, credit, marketing)Producer groupsContract farming arrangements

Condition 5: Farmer Organisations

CONCLUSION

Raising productivity on smallholder (as well

as large)

farms is

both feasible and necessary for sustainable development, but it requires –

Secure land tenure

Appropriate enterprise choice

Sustainable production technology

Essential support services

Effective farmer organisation

If all of these are in place, the future is bright!