and Pulmonary Ventilation Inspiration and Expiration Structure of the R espiratory and System N ose hairs and mucus filter air A ir is warmed Pharynx ID: 277694
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Slide1
Structure of the lungs and Pulmonary Ventilation
Inspiration
and ExpirationSlide2
Structure of the Respiratory and SystemNose hairs and mucus filter air. Air is warmedPharynx Food and air pass through. At the bottom of the pharynx air is directed through the larynx (food
down
the
oesophagus
)
Larynx
The
opening
is
covered
by
the
epiglottis
(
made
of
cartilage
)
which
prevents
food
from
entering
the
lungs
.Slide3
Structure of the Respiratory and SystemTrachea kept open and protected by C-shaped pieces of cartilage. Lined with mucus-secreting and ciliated cells. These cells remove foreign particles by pushing them back up towards
the
larynx
.
Bronchi
Enter
the
lungs
(
one
in
each
).
Reinforced
with
cartilage
.
Bronchioles
contain
smooth
muscle
.
If
this
muscle
contracts
(as
it
does
during
an
asthma
attack
),
it
can cause
severe
breathing
difficulties
.Slide4
Structure of the Respiratory and SystemAlveoli approx. 300 million, which provide a surface area similar to that of a tennis court. Walls are extremely thin, aiding efficient gas exchangeSurrounded by capillaries
Surface
are
moist
to
aid
diffusion
and
disolve
oxygenSlide5
Keywords: Inhalation, Exhalation, Inter-coastal Muscles, Diaphragm, Alveoli, Diffusion, I know that lungs are specialised organs where oxygen from the air enters the blood and carbon dioxide in the blood passes into the alveoli. I know how the alveoli provide a large surface area for gas exchange.
I know the mechanism of breathing.
Cartilage (rings to prevent
collapse)
Cilia
(Hair like structures help move
mucus)
Mucus secreting cells
Smooth muscle
Trachea
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bronchus
Yes
Yes
Yes
YesLarge BronchiolesNoYesYesYesAlveolus NoNoNoNo
Structure
of
the
Respiratory
SystemSlide6
Keywords: Inhalation, Exhalation, Inter-coastal Muscles, Diaphragm, Alveoli, Diffusion, Slide7
Task 1: Complete the following table for breathing in only!Keywords: Inhalation, Exhalation, Inter-coastal Muscles, Diaphragm, Alveoli, Diffusion, I know the mechanism of brethg.Breathing INBreathing OUT
External Intercostal
muscles move
Ribs move
Volume of lungs
Diaphragm
Contract
Move OUT and UP
Increases
Contracts and moves DOWNSlide8
Keywords: Inhalation, Exhalation, Inter-coastal Muscles, Diaphragm, Alveoli, Diffusion, Slide9
Task 2: Complete the following table for breathing OUT.Keywords: Inhalation, Exhalation, Inter-coastal Muscles, Diaphragm, Alveoli, Diffusion, Breathing INBreathing OUTIntercostals muscle moveRibs move
Volume of lungs
Diaphragm
Contract
Move OUT and UP
Increases
Contracts and moves DOWN
Relax
Move IN and DOWN
Decreases
Relaxes and moves UPSlide10
Complete the following table:Muscles Contracting or relaxing?Muscles involvedChanges occurring to size and pressureInspiration at restExpiration at restInspiration during exerciseExpiration during exerciseUse page 31 of your text book to help.Slide11
Muscles Contracting or relaxing?Muscles involvedChanges occurring to size and pressureInspiration at restContractingExternal intercostals, diaphragmVolume of thoracic cavity increases, Pressure decreasesExpiration at restRelaxing (muscles are passive)External intercostals, diaphragmVolume of thoracic cavity decreases,
Pressure increases
Inspiration
during exercise
Expiration during exerciseSlide12
Muscles Contracting or relaxing?Muscles involvedChanges occurring to size and pressureInspiration at restExpiration at restInspiration during exerciseContractingDiaphragm, External intercostals,Scalenes, sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis minor.Volume of thoracic cavity increases, Pressure decreasesExpiration during exerciseSlide13
Strenocleidomastoid lifts the sternumScalenes and pectoralis minor lift the ribs furtherSlide14
Complete the following table:Muscles contracting or relaxing?Muscles involvedChanges occurring to size and pressureInspiration at restExpiration atrestInspiration during exerciseExpiration during exerciseContractingRelaxingAbdominals,Internal intercostals;Diaphragm
External
intercostals
Volume of thoracic cavity decreases,
Pressure increases.Slide15
External RespirationThe process of gas exchange between the lungs and the blood. Oxygen diffuses into the blood, while CO2 diffuses from the blood into the lungs.Slide16
Internal RespirationThe process of gas exchange between the blood, the fluids surrounding the cells, and the cells. Inside the cell, cellular respiration generates energy (ATP), using O2 and glucose and producing waste CO2.