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Warm-up: Monday
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While watching the video, list 3 characteristics of the Renaissance. Slide2
The Renaissance
Essential Questions:
What are the characteristics of the Renaissance?
What changes were brought to Europe during the Renaissance? Slide3
What is the Renaissance?
This was an era of “rebirth” of the art, architecture, thought, and culture of ancient Greece and Rome from 1350 – 1550.
In contrast to the Middle Ages, the Renaissance was an era when
scientific, artistic, and intellectual thought expanded.
The Renaissance in Europe began in
Italy
and then spread to the rest of Europe.
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=Slide4
Characteristics of the Renaissance
Recovery from disasters allowed Italian thinkers to become interested in their Roman past and the ancient Mediterranean world.
The Renaissance resulted in a change in the way people thought…Slide5
Characteristics of the Renaissance
Secular viewpoints were promoted
(concerned with the here and now – not with heaven or hell)
What am I thinking about? Well, I’m not worrying about the afterlife.Slide6Slide7Slide8
Characteristics of the Renaissance
2.
New views of humans emerged
– emphasis on individual ability and human potential humanism = study of the classics: literary works of ancient Greece and RomeSlide9
Humanism
Humanism – subjects to be studied:
Grammar
Rhetoric
Poetry
moral philosophy
History
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This affected education in Italy as well as the rest of Europe
What about today?
Today we refer to the study of literature, philosophy and art as the humanities.Slide10
Characteristics of the Renaissance
3
.
Artistic rebirth – wealthy merchants and families became patrons of the artsWhat does that mean?Slide11
Characteristics of the Renaissance
Be a patron of the arts!
Wealthy families and merchants provided
funding for artists to complete beautification projects, murals, sculptures, portraits, etc.The money and encouragement of patrons together with that of the church, made the masterpieces of Renaissance art possible.Slide12
Be a patron of the arts!
… because it makes you look good!!Slide13
Why did it begin in Italy?
Italy didn’t develop a centralized monarchy
Instead, it had several city-state
sMilan, Florence, and Venice were 3 of the wealthiest and most powerfulItalian cities and merchants were wealthy = could afford to support the arts and this “rebirth” Slide14
Why were the city-states so wealthy?
Trade!
With the east!
Along the Mediterranean!Along the Atlantic Ocean!Trade routes established during the Crusades made Italian states prosperousSlide15
Lots of famous artwork was created during the Renaissance…Slide16
Renaissance ArtistsSlide17
Leonardo
da
Vinci (1452-1519)
Italian inventor, painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and scientistConsidered a true “Renaissance Man”!http://www.history.com/topics/leonardo-da-vinci/videos/historys-burning-questions-mona-lisaSlide18
Renaissance: Innovation
New styles of art weren’t the only thing being created during the Renaissance.
In 1450, Johannes Gutenberg invented the first moveable type printing press in Europe
What do you think was the first book printed?Gutenberg’s Bible, printed about 1455, was the first European book produced from moveable typeSlide19
Printing
His contemporaries called it "the art of multiplying books."
The process soon spread to other German cities in the 1450s, to Italy in the 1460s, and then to France and the rest of Europe. Slide20
Before the printing press, how were books copied?
By hand! And most books were written in Latin.
Books were expensive!
Education was rare for most people!Slide21
Printing Press
How could a printing press impact society?
Books more common and less expensive
Public’s desire for knowledge increasedLiteracy improvedEncouraged scholarly research Demand was created for books written in various languages (native languages = vernacular)Prompted communication and learningSlide22
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJpJL2YzCOc
Describe the process of printing!Slide23
What was society like during the Renaissance?
Not everybody got to be rich and /or famous!
Peasants still made up 85-90% of the populationSlide24
What about women?
What about the females?
Religion and morals were considered the most important things to learn = So they can become good
wives and mothers
Don’t worry about history, science, or philosophy. Your role in society does not require such things.Slide25
Printing Press DBQ
Documents A,B, and CSlide26
The Reformation
Essential Question:
How did the Christian Church change during the Renaissance?Slide27
What is the Reformation?
Root Word: Reform
To change for the better
The Protestant Reformation is the name given to the religious reform movement that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups in the early 16th century.Slide28
Sale of Indulgences
Indulgences sold by the church!
“As soon as the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs!” (coffer = money box)Slide29
Some background…
People wanted to assure their salvation (acceptance into Heaven)
How did they believe this could happen?
Collect relics!Gain an indulgence! (release from all or part of the punishment for sin)Slide30
Why were people calling for reform of the Catholic Church?
Corruption was one reason
:
Selling of church officesChurch officials concerned w/ money, failing to meet their responsibilities And of course, the selling of indulgencesSlide31
Who was Martin Luther?
Martin Luther was a
German monk and university professor
who lectured on the BibleHe believed people could only receive salvation through their faith in GodSlide32
Martin Luther
He was
upset by the selling of indulgences
, so he sent a list known as the Ninety-Five Theses to church superiors.Luther proclaimed the Roman Catholic Church was corrupt & should be reformedSlide33
Martin Luther
The
Theses
were printed and spread to all parts of GermanySlide34
A Break with the Church
How do you think the Catholic Church responded to Luther’s call for change?
They
excommunicated him in 1521! (kicked out of the church)Martin Luther was made an outlaw – but he gained support of some German rulers. These protesting princes came to be known as ProtestantsSlide35
Protestant Reformation
Eventually the
term Protestant was applied to Christians who belonged to non-Catholic churches
. The effort that began to reform the church was called the Protestant Reformation.Can you name any Protestant churches? Slide36
Protestantism Spreads
The initial changes occurred in Germany…
Protestant ideals spread across Europe , leading to the rise of various Protestants sects such as Calvinist, Presbyterian, Anglican, & Anabaptists Slide37
Calvinism
John Calvin was a Protestant
He believed in “predestination”:
Pre = Destiny = Predestination - God determined in advance who will be saved and who will be damnedPilgrims that went to America followed ideals of Calvinism Slide38
Reformation in England
The English Reformation was rooted in politics
King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his first wife. Why?
She didn’t produce a son.The pope wouldn’t annul his marriage, so what does King Henry VIII do?He broke away from the Catholic Church and formed the Church of Englandhttp://www.pbs.org/wnet/sixwives/meet/index.htmlSlide39
Reformation in England
King Henry VIII dies, his 9-year old son takes over, then dies, so his daughter Mary takes the throne
She was Catholic and didn’t like the direction the Church of England was going, so she had more than 300 Protestants burned as “heretics”.
Anybody know her nickname??Slide40Slide41Slide42
Catholic Reformation
The Roman Catholic Church responded with its own action called the
Catholic Reformation
-the church sought to retain its followers, reaffirm Catholic teachings, & improve the discipline & administration of church doctrines. Slide43
Catholic Response
The church revived the Inquisition, a court established in the 13th century to try cases of heresy, in an attempt to limit the spread of Protestantism by destroying the opposition. Slide44
Effects of the Reformation
By 1560, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, France, the Netherlands, Swiss Confederation, Italian States, & Papal States remained mostly Catholic.
England, Scotland, Denmark, & the northern German States became mostly Protestant.Slide45
A rap!
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=dt5AJr0wls0Slide46
Printing Press DBQ
Answer questions for documents D,E,F, and G
(finish A,B, and C from yesterday if you need to)Slide47
Warm-up: Wednesday
1. Name
2 places that became Lutheran:
2. Name 2 places that became Calvinist:3. What country had the Anglican Church?4. Name 3 places that remained Catholic:Slide48
Atlas Review – use pages 86-89
Read
through the information provided in the historical atlas.Slide49
What were the impacts of the Printing Press?
Finish the document analysis questions
Then write a thesis that answers the question. You need to be more specific than “There were many impacts of the printing press.”
Show me your thesis, then complete the outlineSlide50
Crash course:
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o8oIELbNxESlide51
Warm-up: Tuesday
Martin Luther
Henry VIII
Johannes GutenbergLeonardo da VinciProtestant ReformationIndulgence
painter
, sculptor,
inventor
release from punishment
c
.
started Protestant
Reformation
d.
divided the western Church into Catholic
and
Protestant groups
e
.
Invented the printing press
f.
King with six wivesSlide52
Warm-up: Random Fact Friday!
Take a guess and turn in your warm-up!
What is the smallest division of time?
What is the official sport of Maryland?In 2014, how did Hawaii try to reduce homelessness?Slide53
EXIT
How could the invention of the printing press in the 1440s eventually lead to the settlement by Puritans in the U.S.?
Put the events in the order in which they occurred!Slide54
_____ Martin Luther attacks the church using printed material.
_____ King Henry VIII attacks the authority of the Pope when the Pope denies his annulment request.
_____The printing press is invented.
_____Many Puritans, who were Calvinists, protested the Anglican Church in England._____By the late 16th and 17th centuries many Puritans left for the “new world”. They wanted to find a place to practice their religion without interference. _____ King Henry VIII breaks away from Rome and declares himself leader of the new Anglican Church. Slide55
Imagine
you are a
devout
Catholic in Germany in the early 16th century (1500s). You have been loyal to the Catholic Church all your life, but lately you have been troubled by some of the practices of your Church, practices you feel are not in keeping with the true spirit of the Christian religion. You are not the only one to be troubled by these practices. A movement has been growing in which people—loyal clergymen as well as educated people, like yourself—are publicly criticizing the Church for its corruption
and
abuses
of power and privilege. You begin to wonder: How can the Church be
reformed
? And, if it can’t, how will this affect the political stability and religious unity of Western Europe? Little do you know that the
Protestant Reformation
, led by a German monk named
Martin Luther
, is just around the corner.Slide56
Why
were people dissatisfied with the Catholic Church in the early 1500s?
Why
was Martin Luther the central figure in the Protestant Reformation?What were Luther’s criticisms of the Church?How did Luther’s ideas spread?Why did Luther want the Bible to be translated from Latin into German and other national languages?How
did the Church respond to Luther’s 95 Theses?
What
were the roles of John Calvin, John Knox, and Henry VIII in the Reformation?
How
was Europe affected by the events following Luther’s excommunication? (How did the map of Europe change as a result of the early stages of the Reformation?)
Briefly
predict what the Catholic Church will do in response to the initial events of the Reformation.Slide57
Liberal Arts: history, moral philosophy, rhetoric, grammar, poetry, math, astronomy, music
Purpose to study: produce individuals who follow a path of virtue and wisdom
Greek ideal: sound mind, sound body
Stressed physical educationActivities such as javelin hurling, tennis, archery, fencing, boxing, falconry, huntingModel for the basic education for the ruling classes until the 2oth century