Ecological Niche Chapter 12 1361311 Niches in 2 dimensionsa more complete d escription of a species role Chapter 126127 13101311 Niches in 2 and 3 dimensionsor ID: 1020016
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1. UseorFitnessEnvironmental GradientEcological NicheChapter 12; 13.6-13.11
2. Niches in 2 dimensions…a more completedescription of a species’ “role”
3. Chapter 12.6-12.7; 13.10-13.11Niches in 2 and 3 dimensions…or moreG. Evelyn Hutchinson’s hypervolumeSee Fig. 12.11
4. Niche breadth – specialists and generalists
5. Niche breadth
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7. Fundamental = PrecompetitiveRealized = Postcompetitive
8. Analysis of niche overlap is useful to examine relationships between species, especially competitive relationships
9. Analysis of NICHE OVERLAP is useful to examine relationships between species, especially competitive relationshipsIncluded
10. Analysis of NICHE OVERLAP is useful to examine relationships between species, especially competitive relationshipsIncludedSymmetric overlap
11. Analysis of NICHE OVERLAP is useful to examine relationships between species, especially competitive relationshipsIncludedSymmetric overlapAsymmetric overlap
12. Analysis of NICHE OVERLAP is useful to examine relationships between species, especially competitive relationshipsIncludedSymmetric overlapAsymmetric overlapCo-extensive
13. Analysis of NICHE OVERLAP is useful to examine relationships between species, especially competitive relationshipsIncludedSymmetric overlapAsymmetric overlapCo-extensiveAbutting or Adjacent
14. Analysis of NICHE OVERLAP is useful to examine relationships between species, especially competitive relationshipsIncludedSymmetric overlapAsymmetric overlapCo-extensiveAbutting or AdjacentNon-abutting
15. Analysis of NICHE OVERLAP is useful to examine relationships between species, especially competitive relationshipsIncludedSymmetric overlapAsymmetric overlapCo-extensiveAbutting or AdjacentNon-abutting
16. Intestinal parasites: Position in gut is the niche axisHolmes 1973 Canadian Journal of ZoologyIN
17. Werner et al. 1983 Ecology Interactions between two niche axes: food type and predator avoidanceSmall mouth bass =Mesocosm = “intermediately sized world”
18. Werner et al. 1983 Ecology Interactions between two niche axes: food type and predator avoidanceAll 3 sizes eat in the benthosSmall size increases feeding in vegetation
19. Werner et al. 1983 Ecology Interactions between two niche axes: food type and predator avoidanceLarge size grows better because competition with small size was removedSmall size didn’t grow as wellWhat type of competition is this?
20. Character displacement in carnivore guildsDayan 1996Principle of Limiting Similarity: there is a minimum amount of niche differentiation necessary for two species to coexist
21. Character displacement in carnivore guildsDayan et al. 1990Figure 13.16Hutchinson’s Size Ratio1.3:1
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24. Interpreting sympatric and allopatric relationships that inform speciationSympatry: the species found in the same placeAllopatry: one species onlyIf species have similar niches in allopatric locations, but different niches in sympatric areas, then this pattern supports character displacement due to interspecific competition
25. Interpreting sympatric and allopatric relationshipsEightLocationsLong-tailedErmineLeast
26. Hairston 1980 Plethodon salamandersAbutting nichesIncluded nichesWarmer, dryer, less favorable; resources are limiting Resources, weren’t limiting(water)
27. Hairston 1980 Plethodon salamandersP. glutinosus shows the most change in its distribution relative to the better habitat; it’s the inferior competitor and is excluded due to aggressive interference competition
28. Hairston 1980 Plethodon salamandersPredict what will happen in removal experiments…Remove P. glutinosus, what happens to P. jordani?Remove P. jordani, what happens to P. glutinosus?
29. Hairston 1980 Plethodon salamandersRemove P. glutinosus (subordinate competitor)P. jordani does not respond muchRemove P. jordani (dominant competitor)P. glutinosus increases numbers and expands range – because it is released from competitive limitation