What is Psychology Psychology derives its roots from ancient Greek culture It literally means the study of the mind According to modern day psychologists the science of behavior and mental processes is called psychology ID: 1012409
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1. Chapter 1: What is Psychology and what are its roots?
2. What is Psychology?Psychology derives its roots from ancient Greek culture. It literally means “the study of the mind.”According to modern day psychologists, the science of behavior and mental processes is called psychology.
3. Greeks and Philosophy/Psychology 1. The Greek philosophers Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato are credited with the inception of psychology.2. These philosophers developed two practical theories concerning psychology: a) Emotions can distort behavior. b) And, our perceptions are merely interpretation of the external world.3. The Greeks also developed some bizarre notions regarding psychology: a) Emotions flow from the heart, liver, and spleen.b) Mental disorders can be caused by excessive bile.
4. History of Psych4. When the medieval Roman Catholic Church ruled over Europe, they began to preach that the mind was an “unsolvable mystery.” It operates completely outside the natural laws that govern this world.5. In the 17th century, French philosopher Rene Decartes asserted that emotional activity comes from your central nervous system, and this system is triggered by brain waves.
5. Backgroundhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaKLrqxC70c&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active 1:04
6. Early Perspectives Structuralism—looks to discover the basic structures of the mind and how they influence behavior.This idea was pursued by Wilhelm Wundt, and he built the first experimental psych lab.Wundt used the practice of introspection to study the elements of the conscious mind.
7. Introspection – the process of reporting on one’s own inner conscious experience
8. Introspection Through introspection, subjects were given an experience and were required to report on his/her thoughts about it. Most experiences analyzed were perceptual or sensory. This experiment is sensory.
9. Early Perspectives Functionalism—took structuralism further in order to determine how consciousness could help us deal with problems of everyday life.John Dewey and William James pursued functionalism as a means to see how adaptive behavior can lead to mental disorders.
10. Structuralism and Functionalism http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SW6nm69Z_IE&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active 1:11
11. 5 Major Psychological PerspectivesBiological-inherit some behaviors from your parents-measure function of nervous and endocrine (hormone) system-strong roots in medicine and biological science
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13. 5 Major Psychological Perspectives2. PsychodynamicHumans are largely motivated by our unconscious needs, desires, memories and conflictsA big supporter of this viewpoint is Sigmund Freud
14. 5 Major Psychological Perspectives3) Cognitive -our actions are influenced by the way we process information
15. 5 Major Psychological Perspectives4) Behavioral Measures people’s actions in terms of direct observationThey do not look to examine the inner reasons for actionsMost strongly influenced by B.F. Skinner
16. 5 Major Psychological Perspectives5) HumanisticActions are influenced by self- worth and our need for growth and fulfillmentEmphasizes the positive side of human behaviorLed by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
17. Practice!Sort the cards into the following categories:1) Perspective/Picture 2) View of Human Nature 3) What determines behavior4) Focus of Study
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19. Perspective View of Human Nature What determines behaviorFocus of Study
20. Perspective View of Human Nature What determines behaviorFocus of Study
21. Perspective View of Human Nature What determines behaviorFocus of Study
22. Perspective View of Human Nature What determines behaviorFocus of Study
23. More PracticeEach table should choose a celebrity or someone that you all know. Pick three different psychological perspectives that would explain that person’s behavior.
24. How do Psychologist do their work?Psychologists use a process called the scientific method in order to develop their knowledge of mental disorders and behaviors.
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26. Types of ResearchExperimental: Research where the relationship between two or more variables are being testedThe experimenter deliberately manipulates one condition (independent variable) to measure a change
27. Scientific Experiment An exercise physiologist counsels his clients to exercise in the morning rather than at night to facilitate weight loss. Design an experiment to test whether this is the correct advice.
28. Scientific Experiment Do you need to define any terms for the experiment?
29. Scientific Experiment What is your independent variable?
30. Scientific Experiment What is your independent variable?Whether the client exercises in the am or pm
31. Scientific Experiment What is your dependent variable?
32. Scientific Experiment What is your dependent variable? weight loss
33. Scientific Experiment How will you select and assign your subjects to a group?
34. Scientific Experiment How will you select and assign your subjects to a group?GenderAgeCurrent weightBody fat composition
35. Scientific Experiment What treatment will the experimental group be given?
36. Scientific Experiment What treatment will the experimental group be given? exercise in the am
37. Scientific Experiment What treatment will the control group be given?
38. Scientific Experiment What treatment will the control group be given? Workout anytime throughout the day
39. Scientific Experiment What controls will you use in your experiment?
40. Scientific Experiment What controls will you use in your experiment? The group of people in the experimentWeighing participants at the same time everyday
41. Scientific Experiment Is there anything you should control but aren’t sure how?
42. Scientific Experiment Is there anything you should control but aren’t sure how?Diet of participantsWhat workouts they are doingHow much sleep participants get
43. Your turnGet into groups of 3-4 to design your own experiment
44. Types of ResearchCorrelation StudiesExaminer studies relationship between multiple variables without specifically manipulating variableThey assess if there is a “correlation” between variablesEx: The more TV you watch decreases your life spanProblems?
45. Types of ResearchSurveys:Used within correlation studiesPeople are asked their attitudes, thoughts, beliefs, and are supposed to reflect the larger populationEx: Voting surveysProblems?
46. Types of ResearchNaturalistic Observation: Form of correlation research Involves behavioral assessment of people or animals in their home surroundingsEX: Jane Goodall – Chimpanzee culture Problems?
47. Types of ResearchCase Studies: An intensive investigation of an individual or small group Often include psychological testing EX: Mass homicide/TerrorismProblems?