on M ental D isorders at McGill Reflections on our 50year lifespan trajectory Can this inform our future Rebecca Fuhrer PhD Professor and Director MScPH Program McGill University ID: 1043490
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1. Epidemiological Research on Mental Disorders at McGill Reflections on our 50-year life-span trajectoryCan this inform our future ?Rebecca Fuhrer, Ph.DProfessor and Director, MScPH ProgramMcGill University
2. What are Mental and behavioral disorders ? Psychiatric disorders ? Neuropsychiatric disorders ?A mental disorder is conceptualized as a clinically significant behavior or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present distress (e.g. Painful symptom) or disability (e.g. impairment in one or more important areas of functioning) or with a significantly increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom.How do we define a case ? Distinctive feature of these disorders is that their diagnosis generally depends on thoughts, behaviors, feelings, and rarely supported by objective lab results Why would we want to study the causes ? Understanding ? Primary prevention? Early diagnosis and treatment? Cure or Chronicity?
3. GlobalMental illness accounts for 4 of the 10 leading causes of years lost due to disability in the world1Depression affects approximately 300 million people worldwide2Less than 50% of those affected have access to appropriate treatment and health care2Schizophrenia affects approximately 21 million people worldwide5Surveys carried out in various countries consistently show incidence rates per year of schizophrenia in adults within the range of 10 to 40 per 100,0003 1. Langlois, et al 2012 2. Mathers et al 2004 3. Barbato et al 1998Burden of disease
4. Burden of disease Mathers, Boerma, & Ma Fat, (2004)
5. Burden of diseaseNeuropsychiatric Conditions WHO: Investing in Mental Health (2003)
6. Burden of diseaseCanada 1 in 5 people will experience a mental illness in their lifetime5In 2003, the estimated economic burden of mental illness was $51 billion, (including direct and indirect costs)1 Mental illness is the second leading cause of hospital admission among those aged 20-445An estimated 4,000 individuals per year end their life through suicide5 1. Langlois et al (2012)5. Canadian Mental Health Association (2003)
7. Etiology Up to 70% of mental health problems or illnesses begin in childhood or adolescence6 As many as three in four children and youth with mental health problems and illnesses do not access services and treatments6More than 50% of individuals who experience one major depressive episode suffer from a recurrent episode1 Genetics first degree biological relatives of people with schizophrenia are 10 times more likely to develop it than the general population1first degree biological relatives of those with major depression are 1.5 - 3 times more likely to experience major depression1 1. Langlois, et al, (2012)6. Bartram, et al. (2012).
8. Study DesignData basesDepartmental student database (SAO)eScholarship database (McGill Library)All theses: title and abstractSearch terms for “mental health”Mental health OR mental illness OR psychiatry OR psychiatric OR drug abuse OR alcohol abuse OR alcoholism OR addiction OR depression OR anxiety OR psychosis OR dementia OR Alzheimer’s
9. Theses completed by years of admission, by degree (n=670)
10. Categorization of completed theses n=647/670
11. Categorization of theses by subject area and type of research (n=647/670)
12. History at McGill
13. History of mental disorder research (n=42)
14. History of mental disorder research (n=42)
15. History of mental disorder research (n=42)
16. Year of Mental Health - 2001 WHO: Investing in Mental Health (2003)
17. Health Research Funding for Major Chronic Diseases in Four Countries
18. ACCESS(Adolescent/young adult Connections to Community-driven Early Strengths-based and Stigma-free services) SPORThe first network launched under CIHR’s Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR) jointly funded with the Graham Boekh Foundation, Montreal Goal Transform the way youth access and use mental health services in real world settings and evaluate impact of implementationWhoMultidisciplinary network of stakeholder groups across six provinces and one territory in Canada Objectives1. Promote early identification 2. Provide timely access to services3. Match needs with specific interventions4. Eliminate service transitions at age 18
19. AcknowledgmentsLaura Morrison: MScPH Candidate Andre Yves Gagnon: Student Affairs Administrator Genevieve Gore: Liaison LibrarianSarah Severson: Assistant Librarian
20. Selected ReferencesLanglois, K. A., Samokhvalov, A. V, Rehm, J., Spence, S. T., & Gorber, S. C. (2012). Health state descriptions for Canadians : Mental illnesses.Mathers, C., Boerma, T., & Ma Fat, D. (2004). The Global Burden of Disease 2004 Update. Retrieved April 16, 2015, from http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/2004_report_update/en/Barbato, A. (1998). Schizophrenia and public health. Retrieved April 26, 2015, from http://www.who.int/mental_health/media/en/55.pdf?ua=1Investing in Mental Health. (2003). Retrieved April 22, 2015, from http://www.who.int/mental_health/media/investing_mnh.pdfMental Illness in Canada: Backgrounder - Canadian Mental Health Association. (2003, April 1). Retrieved April 16, 2015, from https://www.cmha.ca/public_policy/mental-illness-backgrounder/Bartram, M., Chodos, H., Gosling, S., Hardie, S. L., Knoops, F., Lapierre, L., Neuwelt, B. (2012). CHANGING DIRECTIONS The Mental Health Strategy for Canada.
21. Thank youNext Steps ?