Unit 1 – Native Americans - PowerPoint Presentation

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Unit 1 – Native Americans

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Crossing the Land Bridge The Bering Strait

The first American Indians came from Asia to No. America between 11-12,000 years ago via a land bridge over the Bering Straits

The Gap Today

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1n47P2d1Fg&feature=BFa&list=PL1z67Fpyjorhh44M3J7T-wnTFFqO--iJv

1.)

Asian-American Land Bridge

.47 min

2.)

Pre Historic People in North America 40 000 years ago

1.43

mins

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmbU7mQIc-c&feature=BFa&list=PL1z67Fpyjorhh44M3J7T-wnTFFqO--iJv&index=5

3.)

Extreme Engineering - Bridging the Bering Strait

10.04 min

Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-tewrTwjcmI

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Video Notes: Page 3 – in your binder For the 2 Video Clips List:

1.) 3 important facts/events that I would like to discuss

2.) 2 Questions I have about the film

3.) Why is this event important to the history of the United States?

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Civilization Complex cultures existing of 5 features:

G – Government

R – Religion

E – Economy

A – Ability to communicate

T – Technology

S – Social Structure

 

 

 

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Many Native Americans lived as hunter-gatherer societies and told their histories by oral traditions.

The indigenous cultures (Native American’s)

agrarian

(Farming),

Vs

Proto-industrial, mostly Christian

immigrants

from western

Eurasia

.

Why did Native American’s settle in different parts of North America?

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ClimateWhy did Native American’s settle in different parts of North America?

Larger Communities Formed from smaller ones – Military Take Over

Geography

:

Mountains'

Rivers/Lakes

Religious Practice

Seeking Trade/Resources

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZkDqzpNsg6UDances with Wolves – Buffalo Slaughter

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPzeY9itfLE

Buffalo Hunt

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Ponder this…..How did the geographic location of these early American cultural groups help shape the way they lived. Use specific examples from all 3 categories.

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Mesoamerica… South America… Central AmericaAztec’s Inca’s

Maya’s

All Advanced Civilizations – Even before Columbus arrived!

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Meso-America

Mayans: 250-BC – 900 AD Green

Aztecs: 1400-1521 – Red

Incas: 1438 – 1535 - Orange

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The Aztec Empire

Geography

Contributions

Social

Structure

Religion

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Geography

Social

Structure/Economy

Contributions

Religion

Aztecs

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Geography

Valley of Mexico

Came from the north (caves)

Wandered for 100s of years

Island of Tenochtitlan

Social

Structure/Economy

Emperor- Montezuma

Skilled Warriors,

Noble Blood and War

Heros

got to wear nice clothingMarket: Corn, Fish, Nuts

Merchants

Contributions

Codex – Writing/Records

Tributes/Myths/Legends

Chinampa’s

, Causeways,

Roads, and bridges

Religion

God “Humming bird on the

left: Sign of eagle eating fruit

From the cactus plant

Human Sacrifices/Temples

5

th

Sun – Universe

Aztecs

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Geography of the Aztec Civilization

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Central America

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Religion

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Contributions of

the Aztecs

The Calendar

Farming

Medicine

Trade

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The Aztecs used two different

calendars

1.)Measured time - Crops

365 days – 18 months

2.) Religious Festivals -

when to consult the gods.

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Aztec doctors used many herbal remedies both to cure and prevent illness. Aztec doctors understood a great deal about the human body. There were plenty of bodies to practice on with all the wars and sacrifices. They knew cures for all sorts of things:

Medicine

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Fevers = take regular steam baths.

Earaches = put liquid rubber in their ears.

Broken legs = tied splints to the leg

Cut Legs = sprinkled ground-up obsidian glass on the wound

Colds = put a drop of collected dew (from the fields) into each nostril twice a day.

Medicine

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Tenochtitlan was built on an island in the middle of Lake

Texcoco

.

The Aztecs didn't have any farmland, so they devised a way to create their own farmland.

The Aztecs wove giant reed mats and placed them on top of the water. They made a fence around the mat and placed mud, silt, and rotten vegetables on it.

Farming

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The willow trees grew very quickly and their roots bound the soil to keep it from washing away.

The Aztecs planted corn, tomatoes, potatoes, chili peppers, and squash.

The plants' roots would grow to the bottom of the lake so they would have an endless supply of water.

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Aztec merchants were the ones that brought in so many marvelous things to the

Tlatelolco

Market.

Some common items being golden jewelry, feather caps, tortoise shell cups, spices, and cocoa beans.

Merchant life was hard and very dangerous when traveling long distances and visiting foreign places, so they kept to themselves.

Merchants & Trade

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Social Structure

Priests/Military Leaders/

Gov’t

Officials

Artisans, Farmers, Soldiers, Merchants

Slaves

(Captives)

Commoners

(Owned Land)

Emperor

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Incas….

Human and Physical Geography

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South America

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What geographic features influenced the development of the Incas?

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Road Systems

14,000- miles long; showed power of the Incan State

Chasiques

- trained runners traveled the roads w/

messages

from one end of the empire to the other

Easier movement of troops

to bring control to zones

where

trouble might be brewing

Greatest works: palaces, irrigation canals, and other

public

works

Along roads, Incas built guest house to provide shelter

for

weary travelers.

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Physical Geography

Set in the Andes Mountains

Settled on the fertile lands on the Valley of

Cuzo

By 1500 empire stretched 2500 miles

along the

western

coast of South America from the Equator

to

Argentina in the south

Land included about 80 provinces and as many as 16

million

people

To control the huge empires the rulers divided the

territory

and its people into manageable units.

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State Controlled Economy

The

Incas were separated into upper and lower

regions

with each

producing

goods the other could

not

.

There was little private trade allowed by the Incan

government

.

Early socialism: people worked for the state and were

cared

for by the government

.

This

included the

disabled

.

Land was divided three ways: State, Religious,

Community

Agricultural advancements were made, such

as improved irrigation

.

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Religion

They made sacrifices towards the Gods

, but most

importantly

the

Sun God

Huitzililopochtli

There were hundreds of temples and religious

structures

dedicated to the gods.

The Incan religion practice centered on elaborate

public

ceremonies to communicate with the gods

and

win their favor.

Religion was often combined with state rule

.

Much art was focused on the Gods

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Organization by Government

Ayllu

was a small group dedicated to bettering farming

communication

, and agricultural needs.

Groups

divided into 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 and a chief led these

groups

.

Mita

was a labor tribute

required of all able bodied citizens at

least

a few days a year.

Roads made it easy to communicate and travel, so this enabled

great

organization in government.

Incan state controlled economic activity and regulated trade of

goods

.

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Mayas (300 A.D.-900)

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Mayas (300 A.D.-900)

Southern Mexico to Central America

Picture system of writing

Farmers paid taxes in form of food to support cities & temples

Profitable trade system

Social structure

City with own ruling chief

nobles

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Maya's- orange

Aztecs- green

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Central Temple

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Calendar

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Mayan City

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Chichén Itzá

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Altar

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Let’s Head Back Up To North America

New York State History

The Iroquois Confederacy

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The

Iroquois Confederacy

How did the geographic features on your NYS map help these nations decide where they were going to settle?

“My children, listen well. Remember that

you are brothers, that the downfall of one

means the downfall of all. You must have one

fire, one pipe, one war club.”

— from

Hiawatha the Unifier (come together)

The League of 5 Nations

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Tribes

Mohawk

– Albany – Utica

Oneida

– Utica – Syracuse

Onondaga

– Syracuse

Cayuga

– Syracuse – Rochester

Seneca

– Rochester – BuffaloTuscarora – 1720’s – Niagara Falls

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Tuscarora

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What is the fence used for by the Iroquois people?

What type of houses did they live in and what does that say about their family structure?

I

R

O

Q

U

O

I

s

H

A

U

D

E

N

O

S

A

U

N

E

e

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Longhouses

1.)Fence for Protection

2.)Lived in Groups

Iroquois (

Haudenosaunee

)

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History

They call themselves

Haudenosaunee

or “People of the Longhouse” – made of wood and bark

Each tribe operated separately, however they met once a year to discuss common problems

Shared a common culture, but lived in different geographic locations.

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The Iroquois Tribe – Upstate New YorkMusic

The Saratoga Native American Festival

When:

Where:

Saratoga Performing Arts Center, 108 Avenue of the Pines, Saratoga Springs NY

Cost:

$12 Adults / $10 Seniors / $5 Children 6-12 / Children under 5 free

The

Saratoga Native American Festival

will take place September 29 & 30, 2012 on the

SPAC grounds

. The festival will offer Native American crafters and vendors, dancers, drum groups, storytellers and more!

This years festival will focus on the Nations of the Northeast.

For More Information Call:

(518) 583-1440

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Pictures and Video

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Video

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Test Review

Primary

vs

Secondary Sources

Geography from Topic 1

Vocabulary – Topic 2

The Land Bridge to the America’s

Cultural Region’s Chart (History Alive)

Aztec’s, Inca’s and Maya’s (Location, Similarities/Differences, how they adapted to their environment)

The Iroquois – Confederacy (Longhouses)