PPT-Fallacies - Weak Induction

Homework Review Fallacies pp 103105 41 Fallacies in General pp 121131 43 Fallacies of Weak Induction Inductive Argumentation Analogical Reasoning eg ex 84 Causal Argumentation eg 83b. . It follows from this that the exact content of PMI is connected in a subtle way to our understanding of NMA, as will be seen, and the latter must be kept firmly in mind in considering the validity o Ad Hominem, Appeal to Emotions, False Dilemma, Appeal to the People, Scare Tactic, False Cause, Hasty Generalization, Red Herring, and Traditional Wisdom. What is a Fallacy?. According to Webster’s Dictionary, a fallacy is an error in reasoning or a flawed argument.. Homework. Recommended Exercises. (. do the starred problems. ). 4.4.III. : 1-50. Remember. . How does each specific argument commit a fallacy of that . type. ? . . Where precisely is the offending element in the argument?. Write an OPEN, a CLOSED, and a COUNTERARGUMENT thesis for the following question.. Should states make it harder for individuals to buy guns by requiring a background check and a mental health evaluation for all gun buyers?. Informal Fallacy Guide. Evaluating Arguments. The primary task of critical thinking is to identify arguments and to evaluate them.. There are two basic ways of evaluating arguments.. One technique is to evaluate the logical form of an argument by abstracting on its content, and analyzing the structure of the argument in order to determine if it is valid.. Introduction and Activities. What is a logical fallacy?. A fallacy is an error of reasoning. These are flawed statements that often sound true. Logical fallacies are often used to strengthen an argument, but if the reader detects them the argument can backfire, and damage the writer’s credibility . vs.. Relevance. Homework. Reading: pp. 145-152. Recommended Exercises. (. do at least the starred problems. ). 4.3.III. (of relevance & weak induction). 4.4.I . (of presumption & ambiguity). vs.. Weak Induction. Homework. Study Fallacies 1-18. Review pp. 103-132. Fallacies (definition § 4.1). § 4.2 Fallacies of Relevance (1 – 8). § 4.3 Fallacies of Weak Induction (9 – 14). For Next Class: pp. 139-152. “Jeopardy Style”. Single Sided Arguments. Definitions. “. A”nswers. Toulmain. Fallacies. What the Romans Knew. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 200. 200. 200. 200. 200. 300. 300. 300. 300. 300. 400. 400. The Seven Deadly Logical Sins. Ways to use logic as a shield. Spot Fallacies. Homer: Lisa, would you like a doughnut?. Lisa: No, thanks. Do you have any fruit?. Homer: This has purple in it. Purple is a fruit.. Don’t Be Fooled by Bad Arguments (Part 2). Classification of Fallacies. Fallacies of Relevance:. Appeal to Force. Appeal to Pity. Appeal to the People. Ad Hominem. Accident. Straw man. Missing the Point. Pointy things go in the outlet, right?. Oh, look! It’s human nonsense generator, Donald Trump!. TRUMP! Everybody is excited about me! Big crowds, big, big crowds… the polls…. TRUMP!!!!. Yeah… That really doesn’t make any sense… which reminds me that this is a good time to talk about logical fallacies!. Informal Logic, Famous Fallacies Don’t Be Fooled by Bad Arguments First, what are arguments? Distinguish arguments from explanations: Arguments are the assertion of a conclusion from reasons that are better known than the conclusion. Definition. : Many arguments rely on an analogy between two or more objects, ideas, or situations. If the two things that are being compared aren't really alike in the relevant respects, the analogy is a weak one, and the argument that relies on it commits the fallacy of weak analogy. .