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 History and Archaeology What are the TOOLS and METHODS used by Archaeologists and Historians?  History and Archaeology What are the TOOLS and METHODS used by Archaeologists and Historians?

History and Archaeology What are the TOOLS and METHODS used by Archaeologists and Historians? - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2020-04-04

History and Archaeology What are the TOOLS and METHODS used by Archaeologists and Historians? - PPT Presentation

How do Archaeologists ANALYZE DATA and ARTIFACTS History What TOOLS do historians use to unlock the secrets of the past Artifacts Primary sources Secondary Sources Once all of the tools to unlocking the past have been collected and analyzed how do historians DRAW CONCLUSIONS about the past ID: 775257

organization detail information key organization detail information key tools data artifacts history analyzing difficult dating notescompleted historians study missing

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

History and Archaeology

What are the TOOLS and METHODS used by Archaeologists and Historians?

How do Archaeologists ANALYZE DATA and ARTIFACTS?

Slide2

History

What TOOLS do historians use to unlock the secrets of the past?ArtifactsPrimary sourcesSecondary Sources

Once all of the tools to unlocking the past have been collected and analyzed, how do historians DRAW CONCLUSIONS about the past?

Speculation

Interpretation

Educated guesses

Slide3

History

Why does history always involve some degree of BIAS? Base theories on own interpretations

Why is it more difficult for historians to study ANCIENT history than MODERN history?

Less written record

Slide4

Archaeology

What is Archaeology?Study of the material remains of the past

In what ways are Archaeologists detectives of the past? What tools do they use to discover the truth?

Early civilization = not much written record

Rely on physical remains, excavations, artifacts, organic material, fossils…

Slide5

Archaeology

What are Anthropologists?

Study the origin, development and culture of humans

Paleontologists?

Study the fossil remains of animal and plant life

Paleoanthropologists?

Study both

Slide6

4Completed in exemplary detail – had additional information to teacher’s notesCompleted with exemplary organization – including the use of titles and underlining/bolding/highlighting key words3Completed in good detail – had the information from the notesCompleted with good organization – Had some titles and key words, but more needed2Completed in satisfactory detail – missing key information from notesCompleted with satisfactory organization – Some organization, but difficult to follow1Completed in insufficient detail – missing a lot of key information from notes/incompleteCompleted with insufficient organization – Disorganized and difficult to follow

Self-Assessment

Slide7

History vs. Archaeology (review)

What are the similarities and differences between the TOOLS that historians and archaeologists use to reconstruct the past?

What are the similarities and differences between the

METHODS that

historians and archaeologists use to reconstruct the past?

Slide8

Analyzing Data – Methods of Dating Artifacts

StratigraphyMeasuring layers in earthMost recent is shallow, older is deeper

Slide9

Analyzing Data – Methods of Dating Artifacts

Radio-Carbon (C14)

Measures level of C14Accurate up to 40,000 yearsMost popular

Slide10

What are the ADVANTAGES and DISADVNATAGES of these methods of dating artifacts?

Stratigraphy vs. C14 Dating

Slide11

Analyzing Data – Exposing Frauds

Why? Fame, demonstrate faults in the archaeological process, or $$$

Better dating techniques today make frauds more difficult to pull off

Slide12

Exposing Frauds - Example

Missing Link = ape-like humanoid1912, Charles Dawson finds Piltdown ManHuman skull, ape-like jawDisproved by modern dating techniquesClick for video

Slide13

Analyzing Data – Analyzing Artifacts

Primary Data can be ORGANIC or INORGANICBest preserved in deserts, frozen tundra and waterlogged areasFirst analysis is SOURCE (local or traded?)

Slide14

Analyzing Data – Analyzing Artifacts

ORGANIC

Plants and animalsSkeletal remains (age, sex)Paleopathology – study of ancient diseases

INORGANIC

Tools, pottery…Tools – use, sourcePottery – techniques etc

Slide15

4Completed in exemplary detail – had additional information to teacher’s notesCompleted with exemplary organization – including the use of titles and underlining/bolding/highlighting key words3Completed in good detail – had the information from the notesCompleted with good organization – Had some titles and key words, but more needed2Completed in satisfactory detail – missing key information from notesCompleted with satisfactory organization – Some organization, but difficult to follow1Completed in insufficient detail – missing a lot of key information from notes/incompleteCompleted with insufficient organization – Disorganized and difficult to follow

Self-Assessment