identified Identifying priority health issues Identifying priority health issues Australia is one of the healthiest countries in the world however Australias population still experiences a range of health problems ID: 740545
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Slide1
How are priority issues for Australia's healthidentified?
Identifying priority health issuesSlide2
Identifying priority health issues
Australia is one of the healthiest countries in the world; however, Australia's population still experiences a range of health problems.
The challenge for the Australian government is to allocate a limited amount of resources to address these health problems. This means that priorities need to be established.
The Australian government has chosen to use a framework of priority health issues to achieve this.
Epidemiology plays an important role, however issues such as social justice, potential for prevention and costs are also important.Slide3
Identifying priority health issues
The determination of priorities for health, spending can be very challenging. Different people in the community will take different perspectives.
The Australian government has determined that along with epidemiology, the following considerations are important:
Social Justice Principles
Costs to the individual and the community
Priority population groups
Prevalence of the condition
Potential for prevention and early intervention
1S, 2C’s, 3P’sSlide4
Social Justice Principles
Social justice means that the rights of all people in our community are considered in a fair and equitable manner.
It involves the establishing of supportive environments and the promotion of diversity.
For example:
a homeless youth, an aged person and a person from a non-English speaking background should have the same opportunity to achieve and maintain optimal health.Slide5
Social Justice Principles
The four principles of social justice include:
PEAR
P
articipation
:
the empowerment of individuals and communities to be involved in planning and decision making for good health.
E
quity
: fair allocation of resources and entitlements without discrimination.Access: The availability of health services, information and education.Rights: Equitable opportunities for all individuals to achieve good healthSlide6
Application
Outlined below are scenarios that involve social justice issues. Identify the social justice issue in each scenario and propose examples of health actions that can be taken to support social justice principles.
1. A local
hospital notices that women from a non-English speaking background are not taking advantage of free breast screening programs in their community. Currently, all advertising about the program is in English
.
2
. A
local high school does not have wheelchair access to the art classrooms that are upstairs. As a result, disabled students cannot participate in art classes
.
3. Small rural communities are experiencing significant difficulty in employing doctors and nurses. The local residents are concerned about the impact on health services.Slide7
Costs to the individual and the community
III health impacts across all aspects of a person's life. Loss of life, quality of life and the financial burden to a family, are examples of the detrimental effect of developing a chronic health condition.
Many people, who suffer from serious illness, may need to be
hospitalised
for lengthy periods of time. This may prevent them from maintaining employment status and consequently place a financial strain on their families.
Also includes the indirect financial, physical, social, emotional and mental costs as well.
According to the
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW),
the average health expenditure per person more than doubled between the years 1995-96 and 2005-06. In 1995-96, the average health expenditure per person was $2146 compared to $4874 in 2005-06. Slide8
Application
Read the article
Cardiovascular diseases top Australian health care
spending
(link on my
Weebly
)
then
answer the following questions:1. What was the estimated health-care expenditure on cardiovascular diseases in 2008-09?2. Was the cost of treating and managing cardiovascular diseases higher in males or in females?3.
On which age group in the population is health-care spending highest?Slide9
Priority Population Groups
High levels of preventable chronic disease, injury and mental health problems have been identified as one of the priority health issues for Australians.
Within each of these health areas, certain groups in our population have been identified as at increased risk of developing these diseases or health conditions.
By identifying at risk population groups, government health care expenditure and health promotion initiatives can be directed towards these groups to attempt to reduce the prevalence of the disease.Slide10
Application
Using information presented in the
section of
Australia’s Health 2014 – In Brief
(on my
Weebly
), identify
two
priority population groups that are represented
.1. Outline some of the inequities each group experiences with regards to health status.2. What impact do the principles of social justice have on identifying priority population groups?Slide11
Prevalence of the condition
Analysing
statistics allows us to interpret the prevalence of a condition or disease.
Prevalence means how common a condition is in the community.
Morbidity statistics are reliable indicators of the prevalence of a condition. They can often highlight points of difference for the same condition, e.g. the mortality (death) rate for a disease/condition may be low but the morbidity rate quite high.
Governments can then look at the reasons why (e.g. improved technology for detection and treatment) and further allocate resources.
Hospital admissions and health surveys are two examples of how statistics are accumulated to give us a picture of the health status of a population.Slide12
Application
Using the
AIHW health report
Australia's
Health
2016
(located on my
Weebly), outline the prevalence of the following chronic health conditions; Prevalence means how common a condition is in the community/the number of cases of disease that exists in a defined
population.
Cardiovascular
disease/Coronary heart disease
– p.
87
Cancer – p.
83
Diabetes – p.
93
R
espiratory disease – p.
102
Injury – p.
111
M
ental
health problems and
illnesses – p.
105Slide13
Application
Prioritising Conditions
1. Based
on prevalence
statistics,
how would you prioritise each of these conditions?
2. Which
should get the most funding?
Why
?Slide14
Potential for prevention and early intervention
There are many
behaviours
that can influence the incidence and prevalence of diseases and conditions. These are often related to lifestyle
behaviours
, e.g. smoking, lack of physical activity and a diet high in fat and salt increase a person's risk of cardiovascular disease.
By making lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet, regularly exercising, limiting alcohol intake and refraining from smoking, many lifestyle related conditions can be prevented.
For many Australians,
behaviour
change is difficult to achieve. There are many social and environmental factors that influence behaviour. Making decisions about the allocation of resources for health issues is a complex one. Changing behavioural, social and environmental determinants provides great potential for decreasing the burden of poor health on the individual and society.
It is through prevention and early intervention where some diseases and conditions, if detected in the early stages, can be treated successfully. Slide15
Application
Preventing
Cancer
Copy and complete
the table below describing how the specific cancers can be prevented and/or treated and the potential for change in incidence and prevalence over time.
Condition
Prevention, detection and potential for change
Lung Cancer
Breast Cancer
MelanomaSlide16
Application
Students learn to:
Argue the case for why decisions are made about health priorities by considering questions such as:
how do we identify priority issues for Australia’s health?
what role do the principles of social justice play?
why is it important to prioritise
?
Why
is it important to prioritise issues for health?
How do we identify health priority issues? The link below on my Weebly page will help you answer the following question:AIHW National Health Priority
Areas
Explain
what the National Health Priority Areas initiative is and what it hopes to achieve?Slide17
Practise Question
2013 HSC Question:
Why is it important to
prioritise
particular health issues in Australia? Include examples in your answer. (5 Marks
)
1.8 minutes (1 min and 48 secs) per mark
1.8 x 5 = 9 minutes - GO!
Refer to the marking criteria/sample answer and
peer mark once you have finished.