Swine Euthanasia Adapted from the FAD PReP NAHEMS Guidelines Mass Depopulation and Euthanasia 2015 Euthanasia Transitioning painlessly and stressfree as possible Mass Depopulation Large numbers quickly and efficiently ID: 725253
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Slide1
Mass Depopulation & Euthanasia
Swine Euthanasia
Adapted from the FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS
Guidelines: Mass Depopulation and Euthanasia (2015)Slide2
EuthanasiaTransitioning painlessly and stress-free as possibleMass DepopulationLarge numbers, quickly and efficientlyConsideration to welfare as practicable
Terms used interchangeably here
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
Euthanasia and DepopulationSlide3
May be practiced during an animal health emergencyGoals of Euthanasia Provide humane treatment
Select acceptable method
Minimize negative
emotional impact
Safeguard food chain
Prevent or mitigate disease spreadUSDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
Euthanasia and DepopulationSlide4
Goal: Humane Treatment
Decrease animal stress, excitement
Do not force animals to travel quickly
Avoid
electric prods
Sorting boardsHuman body
position
Flight zones
Flags and plastic paddles
Handle animals quietly
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
HandlingSlide5
Flight Zone, Point of Balance, Blind Spot
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
General Handling Slide6
Acceptable: noninhalant injectableAcceptable for all classes of pigs
BarbituratesBarbituric acid
derivatives
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
Acceptable MethodsSlide7
PhysicalCaptive bolt Penetrating- mature and grower-finisher Non-penetrating- nursery, sucklingGunshot (mature, grower-finisher)Electrocution (mature, grower-finisher, nursery, suckling >10
lbs)Blunt force trauma (suckling pigs)Inhaled agents
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-SwineConditionally Acceptable MethodsSlide8
If primary euthanasia fails, personnel should be prepared to apply an adjunct measure such as:PithingExsanguinationSecond shot
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
Adjunct MethodsSlide9
Usually impractical
Individual handling/restraintExpensiveCarcass disposal
Recordkeeping
May be used if
animal is hand-raised
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
Chemical AgentsSlide10
Major drawbacksVolume of agent required
Difficulty of suitable venous access Carcass disposal
issues
Prolonged restraint time needed
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
Chemical
AgentsSlide11
Protocols under development
Endorsed for smaller swine
Up to 70lbs (32kg)
Impractical for
larger
animals/farmsSafety of personnelTraining
Equipment
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
Physical- Carbon
DioxideSlide12
Use appropriate restraint Methods
Young pigs
Firm holding,
body
sling
Lifting with two contact pointsLarger pigs
C
enter-line conveyor
S
naring individually USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
Physical- Captive
BoltSlide13
Pigs <300 lbs
Middle of forehead; 0.5-1 in.
above eyes
Mature pigs: sows, boars
Adjust target area
Use correct size bolt, charge
Adjunct method
on hand
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
Aiming Captive BoltSlide14
Under developmentEuthanizes in one stepInterchangeable captive bolts for different size animalsVarious lengths, thicknesses, charges
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
Single Step Captive BoltSlide15
Lethal concussive traumaUp to 12 lbs – primary euthanasiaUp to 70 lbs
– use with adjunct stepLethal concussive traumaPositioning same as captive boltNot recommended >70 lbs
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-SwineNon-Penetrating Captive Bolt Slide16
Immediate collapse, postural rigidity, gradual relaxationInvoluntary kicking and paddlingInsensible pigs:Lack corneal reflexNo deliberate movement
No rhythmic breathingIf in doubt: re-stun, adjunct methodUSDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
Captive Bolt: EffectsSlide17
Trained, experienced personnelFollow safety guidelines
At close range, same point of entry as captive bolt
Muzzle NEVER
in contact with head
Mature animal skulls may be more difficult to
penetrateUse appropriate ammunition
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-SwinePhysical- GunshotSlide18
Long range gunshot generally unacceptable
If necessaryP
oint
of entry
between
eye and base of earDo not target chest, neckRisk of free bullets and human injuries
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
Physical- Gunshot (cont’d)Slide19
Method has been successfully used
Stunning and deathElectric current directly
through
head and
heart
15 seconds to achieve deathHead stunning
Electrodes on sides of head
2-3 seconds for proper stun
Unconscious for 30 sec
Adjunct method within 15 sec
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
Physical- ElectrocutionSlide20
Confirmation of death can be difficultSustained lack of heartbeat and respirationRigor mortisEvaluate by competent, experienced personnel
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
Confirmation of DeathSlide21
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Mass Depopulation and Euthanasia (MDE) (2015)http://
www.aphis.usda.gov/fadprepMDE web-based training modulehttp://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
For More InformationSlide22
Authors (CFSPH):
Reneé
Dewell
DVM,MS
Nichollette
Rider, Veterinary StudentSignificant contributions to the content were provided by
USDA
APHIS VS:
Lori P. Miller, PE
Darrel
K. Styles, DVM, PhD
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Swine
Guidelines ContentSlide23
Acknowledgments
Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the USDA APHIS Veterinary
Services
PPT Authors: Dawn Bailey, BS; Kerry
Leedom
Larson, DVM,
MPH, PhD, DACVPM
Reviewers:
Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH,
DACVPM: Cheryl L. Eia, JD, DVM, MPH, Patricia
Futoma
, BS,
Veterinary Student,
Reneé
Dewell
DVM,MS