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The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution - PowerPoint Presentation

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The Industrial Revolution - PPT Presentation

Key questions for this Unit What circumstances led to the Industrial Revolution What role did technology play What economic amp social conditions arose What political reforms emerged The Industrial Revolution ID: 701445

industrial amp government class amp industrial class government revolution factory industrialization conditions economic system population middle labor act social business power unions

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Slide1

The Industrial RevolutionSlide2

Key questions for this Unit

What circumstances led to the Industrial Revolution?

What role did technology play?

What economic & social conditions arose?

What political reforms emerged?

Slide3

The Industrial Revolution

Began in 1750’s in

Britain

Time period where:

Means of production shifted from hand tools to complex machines

Human/animal power to steam power

Domestic System (Cottage Industries)

to

factory systemSlide4

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

Agrarian /Agricultural

Revolution-

Changes in Methods of Farming

Technology-

Seed Drill, Dikes, Fertilizer

Enclosure- Fencing off large tracts of land making farming more efficientImproves food productionSlide5

2. Population Explosion-

1700’s European pop.reaches 190 million

People eat better, healthier babies,better medical care

More Demand for goodsSlide6

Enclosure MovementSlide7

3.

Energy Revolution-

Water wheels power new machines

Coal used to fuel steam engine

Faster production of goodsSlide8

Why did the Industrial Revolution

begin in

Great Britain?Slide9

Factors of Production

Vital to Industrialization

Land

Labor

CapitalSlide10

Natural Resources

Rivers

Harbors

LandSlide11

Labor

Population Explosion

Unemployed FarmersSlide12

Capital

Strong Economy

Overseas empire

Willing investors

Political/financial stability

Business friendly

governmentSlide13

Textile Industry

Flying Shuttle Spinning Jenny

Waterframe Spinning Mule

PowerLoom Cotton Gin

Steam EngineSlide14

Transportation Industry

Steamboat-Robert Fulton

Macadam Roads-Turnpikes

Railroads- Promoted other industriesSlide15
Slide16
Slide17

Not the LIRRSlide18
Slide19

Geography

Population growth & change

Capital for investment

Role of Government

British Advantages

Factors of Production-

Land, Labor, & CapitalSlide20

1. Geography

Large amount of Natural Resources

Coal & Iron Ore

Rivers

Transportation & power

Island Nation

Many natural Harbors for tradeSlide21

2. Population Growth & Change

High availability of Labor

Growth in population

Fewer farm laborers neededSlide22

3. Capital for Investment

Overseas empire made economy strong (Natural Resources & Markets)

Middle class willing to invest in mines, railroads & factoriesSlide23

4. Role of Government

Stable government

Good banking system

Promoted experimentation

Passed laws to protect businessSlide24

IndustrializationSlide25

Industrialization changes ways of Life

Rural Society Based on Agriculture

Urban Society based on manufacturing

From

ToSlide26

Urbanization

Shift from rural to city life

Growth of factories bring job seekers

Domestic System

Factory System

Cities grow near sources of energy

Cities double/triple in size

Manchester, Liverpool, BirminghamSlide27

Working Conditions

Change from

Cottage Industries

to

Factory System

Unsafe Conditions/dangerous machinery

Long Hours/six days a week

Little ventilationChild LaborLow WagesHarsh punishmentSlide28

 

                   Slide29

Living Conditions

Lacked adequate housing

Dirty one room tenements & row houses

No running water

No police force

Unsanitary conditions

Unpaved streets/pollution

No sewage or sanitation systems

Disease spread rapidlySlide30
Slide31
Slide32
Slide33
Slide34
Slide35
Slide36
Slide37
Slide38
Slide39

Industrial Society

Industrial Revolution brought new wealth

Rich middle class emerged

Wealthy Merchants & Factory owners grew wealthier than landowners & aristocrats

Upper Middle Class

Government employees, doctors, lawyers, managersSlide40

Lower middle class

Factory overseers, toolmakers, printers

Wealth did not trickle down

Lower class workers remained poverty stricken

Resentful mobs rioted

Luddites-

Groups of resentful workers who smashed machines that put them out of work,Slide41
Slide42

Economic Philosophies & the Industrial Revolution

Progress increased gap between rich & poor

Some felt government should stay out of business & economic affairs

Others felt government should play an active roleSlide43

Adam Smith

Wealth of Nations”

(1776)

Promoted

Laissez Faire capitalism

economics (Let do)

Capitalism- money is invested in business to make a profitBusiness should operate w/ little or no govt. interferenceSlide44

David Malthus

An Essay on the Principle of population

(1798)

Population will increase more rapidly than food supply

W/out wars or epidemics most would become poor & miserableSlide45

David Ricardo

Principles of Political Economy & Taxation (1817)

Permanent underclass would be poor

Wages would be forced down as population increased

Smith, Ricardo & Malthus

were all against government involvement

Slide46

The Rise of Socialism

Free market capitalism

created social inequality

Government must take action to improve people’s lives

Concentrated on the interests of society rather than the individual

Farms & businesses should belong to all the people not individuals Slide47

Utilitarianism

Government actions are only useful if they promote the greatest good for the greatest amount of people

Promoted by

Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart MillSlide48

Sought to create

self- sufficient communities

All property & work would be shared

Since all wealth would be equal- fighting would end

Robert Owen

Utopian SocialismSlide49

New Harmony IndianaSlide50

Marxist Socialism

“The Communist Manifesto”

(1848) by

Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels

Scientific Socialism

Ideas would inspire communist revolutions in China, Russia, & CubaSlide51

History was a struggle between wealthy capitalist & working class

The Haves

Vs. The

Have Nots

Capitalist

(

Bourgeoisie

) took advantage of the Proletariat (Working Class)Proletariat would eventually rise up & overthrow capitalist societyA “dictatorship of the Proletariat” would rule

Basic IdeasSlide52

Means of production

would be owned by the people

Wealth would be shared equally

Eventually government would wither away & a

classless society

would emerge

Marxism

lost its appeal in 1800’s as working conditions improvedSlide53

Unionization & Legislative Reform

Voluntary associations known as

unions

pushed for labor reforms in the 1800’s

Spoke for all workers in a particular trade

Engaged in collective bargaining

Negotiations between labor & managementSlide54

If negotiations broke down members would

strike

First Unions were skilled workers & benefited the middle class

At first Unions were outlawed

Combinations Act of 1799 & 1800

Viewed as a threat to social order

After 1825 Unions were toleratedSlide55

Reform Laws

Factory Act of 1833

-Minimum age & maximum hours for children

Mines Act of 1842-

Women & children could not work underground

Ten Hours Act-

limited the workday for women & childrenSlide56

Abolishment of Slavery

- 1833 (

Britain)

Morally wrong

Economic threat

Women’s rights movements grew

Free public schooling became available Slide57

The Effects of Industrialization

The Industrial Revolution brought about many

Economic, Social, & Political ChangesSlide58

Economic Effects

Increased Production leads to higher demand for raw materials & markets (

Imperialism

)

Rise of big business

Laissez-Faire Economics

replaces mercantilism

Advances in transportation, agriculture, & communicationsSlide59

Social Effects

Urbanization

New Jobs

Harsh Labor & working conditions

New Class structure

Loss of Family stability

Expansion of middle class

Improved standard of living for someSlide60

Political Effects

Reform laws passed

Labor laws, Slavery, public schooling

Trade Unions Grow

Social reform Movements appear

Utilitarianism, Utopianism, Socialism, & Marxism

Upset Balance of Power

Imperialism,MilitarismSlide61

The Spread of Industrialization

Began in England

in 1750’s

Parliament passes laws to prevent spread of industrial knowledge

By mid 1800’s moves beyond Britain

New powers emerge & compete for wealth

Markets & resourcesSlide62

Industrialization in America

Similar to British Industrialization

Rivers, Ports, Coal & iron, immigrant laborers

Gain knowledge of British industry through

espionage

Samuel Slater

builds spinning machine from memory

First factory

Pawtucket, Rhode Island

Slide63

Textile factories emerge in the

Northeast

Railroads expand industry

Industrialization corporations

Business owned by stockholders with limited personal responsibility

The

Age of Big business

The rich get rich & the poor remain poorSlide64

Slaters Mill, RISlide65
Slide66
Slide67

Industrializtion in Continental Europe

Yearned to experience the

British Miracle

Factors impeding industrialization

French Revolution & Napoleonic Wars

Political divisions

Social divisions

Geographic shortcomings Slide68

Belgium

leads the way (1799)

Textile industry emerges

Rich in iron &coal, plentiful waterways

France’s

industrial growth emerges after expansion of railroads (1850)Slide69

Economically & politically divided

Pockets of industry sprout up

Coal rich

Ruhr Valley

Railroads link industrial centers

Industrialism fuels

militarism

Policy of Blood & Iron Emerges as an industrial giant

Germany IndustrializesSlide70

Global Impact

Upset

balance of power

Widens economic gap between Industrialized & non-industrialized nations

Europeans economically superior to Asia & Africa

Leads to the rise of

imperialism

Search for raw materials & marketsSlide71

ImperialismSlide72

Conditions

in Industrial Europe

Urbanization

Factory System

Long Hours – 14-16 per day

Dangerous Conditions

Harsh and severe discipline.

Overworked and underpaid! Slide73

Emerging Class System

Growing middle class of factory owners, shippers, and merchants

Lower middle class of factory overseers and skilled workers.Unskilled positions lowest class {left out of the rise of Standard of Living!}Slide74

Reform Movements

Workers fight for their rights!

What is a union?

Methods Used by Unions?

At first unions were made illegal by the Combination Acts of 1799/1800. {these are later repealed in 1824}Slide75

Abolition Occurs

In Europe

Abolition – the end of slavery

William Wilberforce

When did the slave trade begin?

Morality VS EconomySlide76

Government Regulation

Factory Act of 1833

Mines Act of 1842

Ten Hours Act 1847Slide77

Impact Of Industrialization

New Economic Theories

{Capitalism VS Socialism}

Shift in the Balance of Power {competition between the newly industrialized nations and the less-developed nations}

Global Inequality

IMPERIALISMSlide78

Colonial Empires by 1914