Unfair Means - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Unfair Means

What is it?

How can you avoid it?Slide2

Reports, Assignments, Other assessments

Why do we ask you do these?

To help you learn

To help you assimilate all the things you have learnedTo help you learn to apply your knowledgeTo give us (the markers) evidence that you have learnedSlide3

Referencing

In any assessment, when you use ideas from another source, you need to

reference

these ideas.Slide4

Referencing

styles (1)

Harvard

In the body of the report:

The term ‘

metaheuristic

’ was coined by Fred Glover in his seminal paper (Glover, 1986), and it can be understood as “a master strategy that guides and modifies other heuristics to produce solutions beyond those that are normally generated in a quest for local optimality" (Glover and Laguna, 1997).

4

The citation

The

reference list

In the list of references at the end:

Glover, F. (1986) Future paths for integer programming and links to artificial intelligence,

Computers and Operations Research

,

13

, 533-549

.

Glover, F. and Laguna, M.(1997)

Tabu

Search

.

Boston:Kluwer

.Slide5

Referencing

styles (2)

Numeric

In the body of the report:

Many modern optimization methods, for example genetic algorithms [

1

], particle swarm optimization [

2

]

, ant colony optimization [

3

], can be considered as

metaheuristic

algorithms.

5

The citation

In the list of references at the end:

[1]

Regensburg, D. E. (1989) Genetic Algorithms in Search,

Optimization,and

Machine Learning.

Reading,

MA

:

Addison-Wesley.

[2]

Kennedy,J.and

Eberhart,R.C

.(1995) Particle swarm optimization.

In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Neural Networks.,vol.IV.,1942–1948.

[3]

Dorigo

, M. and

Stutzle

, T. (2010) Ant Colony Optimization:

Overview and Recent Advances, in

Gendreau,M.and

Potvin,J

.-Y.(

eds

),

Handbook of

Metaheuristics

, International Series in Operations

Research & Management Science, No. 146.Slide6

Referencing from the Web:

Website Reference,

Harvard Style

:Author, Year. Title [online]. [Date accessed]. Available from World Wide Web : <

url

of site>

Website Reference,

Numeric Style

:

[n] Author.

Title [online]. Year [Date accessed]. Available from World Wide Web : <url of site> Slide7

Why is referencing important?

It shows the

source

of material that is not your own.It shows that your material has been assembled

after consideration of other published works.

It allows the reader to

study a subject in more detail

by reading your referenced sources.

Correctly referenced work

avoids plagiarism.Slide8

More help with referencing

Library - Information Skills MOLE course

Williams, K. And Carroll, J., 2009.

Referencing & Understanding Plagiarism. Pocket Study Skills. Palgrave Macmillan. Fisher, D. and

Hanstock

, I., 1998.

Citing References.

The Nottingham Trent University.

ACSE Academic Skills MOLE course Slide9

Avoiding plagiarism and collusion

What is plagiarism?

What is collusion?

Why do you have to avoid it?How do you avoid it?

Plagiarism is a form of

theftSlide10

What is plagiarism?

Submitting someone else’s work as your own.

Submitting work which includes even a small amount of material written by others, unless this material has been correctly referenced.

Submitting work containing paraphrases of others’ work, unless this material has been correctly referenced.Slide11

What is collusion?

Getting another student to produce part or all of a piece of work, and handing this in as your own work.

Copying material from another student or then handing that material in as your own work.

Consenting to another student copying material from you, or making your material available for other students to use or copy.

Producing a piece of work in a group of two or more students, with each individual submitting the work as his/her own individual work.Slide12

How can you avoid plagiarism and collusion?

Keep a list of sources

(e.g. in a log book) and read widely, assimilating ideas and gaining an understanding of the subject

Write up your

own

understanding

and interpretation of the subject. Cite the source of background material.

If a source expresses an idea particularly well, it may be OK to

include a quote from that source and reference it

– unless you have been told differently by the lecturer

Do not work with other students on individual projects.

If you are doing a group project, make sure you follow the lecturer’s guidelines for whether the material submitted for assessment should be produced as a group or individually.Slide13

Why avoid plagiarism and collusion?

Learning at the MSc level is about acquiring, assimilating, and using knowledge.

If you hand in work that is not your own, then you have

not acquired, assimilated and used knowledge.

Engineers (even as students) must work to ethical standards and follow a professional code of behaviour.

Plagiarising is not ethical and it is not professionalSlide14

Penalties for plagiarism and collusion

A student who hands in plagiarised work may get a mark of zero for that work.

This may result in failing a module, or even failing a degree programme.

A student who hands in plagiarised work may also be referred to the University Disciplinary Committee.

DON’T PLAGIARISE

DON’T COLLUDESlide15

An example

Suppose you had to write an essay on “The Application of Microcontrollers in Automobiles”

You start looking for information on this topic.Slide16

Let’s suppose you find an article from:

http://www.mcjournal.com/articles/arc105/arc105.htm

You like the ideas expressed in the 5

th

paragraph:

Another factor supporting the increase in electronic vehicle in the automobile is the networking of new and existing systems. There are many benefits of networks in the automobile and from a control systems standpoint; it is advantageous as systems can share data in real-time, thus making more intelligent systems possible. For example, an Integrated Chassis Control system layer may be implemented by coordinating the data generated by the braking, steering and suspension systems. Another benefit of these networks is that 'second guessing' becomes easier. Second-guessing is the practice of using data from one system to check the plausibility of the results of an independent system. This data could be used as a back-up under certain conditions. For example, the wheel speed and vehicle directional information used in a Stability Management system could be used to supplement the Navigation system, especially in the event that GPS is lost.

I like these descriptions. Can I put these in my report?Slide17

How about this – is this a plagiarism?

“

Another factor supporting the increase in electronic vehicle in the automobile is the networking of new and existing systems. There are many benefits of networks in the automobile and from a control systems standpoint; it is advantageous as systems can share data in real-time, thus making more intelligent systems possible. For example, an Integrated Chassis Control system layer may be implemented by coordinating the data generated by the braking, steering and suspension systems. Another benefit of these networks is that 'second guessing' becomes easier. Second-guessing is the practice of using data from one system to check the plausibility of the results of an independent system. This data could be used as a back-up under certain conditions. For example, the wheel speed and vehicle directional information used in a Stability Management system could be used to supplement the Navigation system, especially in the event that GPS is lost.

”

Why ?! I put these in quotes.Slide18

How about this?

"

Another factor supporting the increase in electronic vehicle in the automobile is the networking of new and existing systems. There are many benefits of networks in the automobile and from a control systems standpoint; it is advantageous as systems can share data in real-time, thus making more intelligent systems possible. For example, an Integrated Chassis Control system layer may be implemented by coordinating the data generated by the braking, steering and suspension systems. Another benefit of these networks is that 'second guessing' becomes easier. Second-guessing is the practice of using data from one system to check the plausibility of the results of an independent system. This data could be used as a back-up under certain conditions. For example, the wheel speed and vehicle directional information used in a Stability Management system could be used to supplement the Navigation system, especially in the event that GPS is lost

.

"

(

Bannatyne

, 2004)

Why?! – I put it in quotes and cited and referenced it!

References

Bannatyne

, R. (2004)

Microcontrollers for the Automobile

[online].

Micro Control Journal 2004. Available at

http://www.mcjournal.com/articles/arc105/arc105.htm

[Accessed 21 November 2008]Slide19

How about this?

Another factor supporting the increase in

microcontrollers

in the automobile is the networking of new and existing systems. There are many benefits of networks in the automobile and from a control systems standpoint; it is advantageous as systems can share data in real-time

across a distributed system

. For example, an Integrated Chassis Control system layer may be implemented by

managing

the data generated by the braking, steering and suspension systems. Another benefit of these

distributed

networks is that 'second guessing' becomes easier. Second-guessing is the practice of using data from one system to check the

reliability of the results of an independent system. This data could be used as a back-up under certain conditions. For example, the wheel speed and vehicle directional information used in a Stability Management system could be used

by the Navigation system, especially in the event that GPS is lost (Bannatyne, 2004).

Why?! – I’ve changed a few words (those in bold) and I’ve cited and referenced it!

References

Bannatyne

, R. (2004)

Microcontrollers for the Automobile

[online].

Micro Control Journal 2004. Available at

http://www.mcjournal.com/articles/arc105/arc105.htm

[Accessed 21 November 2008]Slide20

How about this?

The fact that an electronic system in an automobile can be networked and data shared in real time has contributed to increased use of microcontrollers in automobiles. This networking and coordination of real time data makes it possible for one component of the system to support the reliability of other components, thus improving overall system performance.

Why?! – I’ve written the idea in my own words!Slide21

How about this?

Citation

Reference

This one is OK – it’s in my own words, and the idea is correctly cited and referenced.

The fact that an electronic system in an automobile can be networked and data shared in real time has contributed to increased use of microcontrollers in automobiles. This networking and coordination of real time data makes it possible for one component of the system to support the reliability of other components, thus improving overall system performance

(

Bannatyne

, 2004).

References

Bannatyne

, R. (2004)

Microcontrollers for the Automobile

[online].

Micro Control Journal 2004. Available at

http://www.mcjournal.com/articles/arc105/arc105.htm

[Accessed 21 November 2008]Slide22

Things students have done

in the past

….

(anonymised examples

)Slide23

Example 1

Text from a student submission

:

This is a direct quote from

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5104063.html

The quote was not enclosed in quotation marks, and it was not cited. The source was listed as a reference, however.

This is plagiarism.

The system provides continuous control over the RPM of each landing wheel through air intake ducts with servo motor driven inlet vanes gating incoming air to the wheel-mounted impellersSlide24

Example 2

Text from a student submission:

An autopilot is an example of a

control system. Control systems apply an action based on a measurement and almost always have an impact on the value they are measuring.

…

and later on in the same submission …

This loop, shown above in the block diagram, works continuously, many times a second, much more quickly and smoothly than a human pilot could. Two- and three-axis autopilots obey the same principles, employing multiple processors that control multiple surfaces. Some airplanes even have

autothrust

computers to control engine thrust. Autopilot and

autothrust

systems can work together to perform very complex maneuvers

These are direct quotes from http://science.howstuffworks.com/autopilot3.htm

The quotes were not enclosed in quotation marks, and were not cited. The source was listed as a reference, however.This is plagiarism.Slide25

Example 3

Text from a student submission

:

A fusion algorithm is used to calculate the helicopter's attitude. The main rotor rpm is detected magnetically at the rotor axle and the distance to the ground by an ultrasonic sensor. Each of these sensors is directly connected to the microcontroller.

This is a direct quote from

http://pdv.cs.tu-berlin.de/MARVIN/mark_ii_system.html

The quote was not enclosed in quotation marks, and it was not cited. The source was listed as a reference, however.

This is plagiarism.Slide26

Example 4

Text from a student submission:

Powerful and intelligently chosen electronics embedded in the microcontrollers can via input/output devices ( switches, push buttons, sensors, LCD displays, relays…) control various processes and devices such as: industrial automatics, electric current, temperature, engine performance etc.

...

Following immediately in same submission

...

Basically, any product or device that interacts with its user has a microcontroller buried inside.

The first sentence is a direct quote from

http://www.thishelps.net/2008/05/architecture-and-programming-of-8051-microcontrollers.html

The second sentence is a direct quote from

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/microcontroller.htm

The quotes were not enclosed in quotation marks, they were not cited, and sources were not listed in the reference list

.

This is plagiarism.Slide27

When you are researching a topic, don’t just copy/paste sentences from several different sources and then combine these and submit this as your own work. Instead, read several different sources, take notes, and keep track of what the sources were. Then, put all the sources away and write your own understanding of what you have read. Sometimes you might want to note similarities and differences between authors. Having written up your understanding, in your own words, cite the ideas and include the sources in a reference list.

CTRL-C CTRL-V

AVOID!!Slide28

Turnitin

Turnitin

is a plagiarism checking tool endorsed by the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC), an organisation that supports higher education in the UK

In ACSE, many assignments must be submitted to Turnitin.Typically lecturers will create a Turnitin

dropbox

on MOLE.

Link to Example

Turnitin

report Slide29

Summary

A

inquiring

approach to finding information can stop you from plagiarisingWhen you find information, you then must synthesise it and come to your own understanding of it.When you report what you’ve found, you must do this in your own words.Slide30

Useful Links

1. General Information for MSc

http://www.shef.ac.uk/acse/current/masters/index

2. Plagiarism and Collusionhttp://www.shef.ac.uk/acse/current/masters/plag

3. Plagiarism, Collusion and the Use of Unfair

Means in Assessment

http://www.shef.ac.uk/ssid/exams/plagiarism

4. Unfair Means & Information literacy related quizzes on

MOLE

 https://librarydevelopment.group.shef.ac.uk/shef-only/info_skills/plagiarism.html