Carnival Day of the Dead Vodou Dr Aminata Maraesa In the days preceding Lent all rich food and drink must be disposed of The consumption of this in a giant party that involved the whole ID: 807913
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Slide1
Celebrations of Life, Death, and Social Order:Carnival, Day of the Dead, Vodou
Dr. Aminata Maraesa
Slide2In the days preceding Lent, all rich food and drink must be disposed ofThe consumption of this, in a giant
party that involved
the whole community, is thought to be the origin of Carnival.
Carnival
Slide3Saturnalia
Slide4Bacchanalia
Slide5France
New Orleans, USA
Slide6Portugal
Russia
Slide7The Latin expression carne vale means "farewell to meat“The social feasts preceding Lent were the last days when one could eat meat before the fasting of Lent began
carne vale
Slide8Slide9Slide10“These were times and places of total indulgence in wine, song, dance and sex. The typical restraints of everyday life waned, carnivals were times for the systematic transgressions of boundaries” (Mikhail
Bakhtin
, 1968 Russian philosopher).
Carnival in Uruguay
Slide11Carnival in Nigeria 2008
Elvis mask – 1970s
Malawi
Slide12Nigerian masquerade:http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=gC7SAup_RD4
Slide13Carnival in Trinidad
Negre
Jardin
“pretty ‘mas”
Slide141) mas’ (masquerade), 2) Calypso (musical form)the lyrics of which often expressed protest or injustices (under enslavement and colonialism)
3) pan (steel-pan drumming)
created in 1937 as orchestras of frying pans, dustbin lids and oil drums when drums and other percussion instruments were banned in 1880
National Carnival Commission (est. late 1980s)
Slide15“
Neg
Jadin”
Slide16Dame Lorraine
Slide17nSailor Mas
Slide18Jab Jabs and
Red and Blue Devils
Slide19Jab Molassie
Slide20Dame Lorraine
Slide21Moko Jumbies
Slide22Trinidadian carnival as piece of National Identity:Commodity differentiation as marketing strategyObjectification of cultural forms:How does this affect/influence cultural inventiveness?
“salvage ethnography”
Caribbean as hedonistic tourist paradise:Emphasizes the BACCHANAL of Carnival? What about the locals? Can they “free up” without objectification?!?!
Carnival as tourist commodity?
Slide23Trinidad carnival:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJe3Togwtm0
Slide24Nov. 1 - All Saints' Day recognition of the saints Nov. 2
–
All Souls' Day commemorates the faithful departed
Day of the Dead
Slide25Nov. 1 - Día de los Inocentes
(“Day of the Innocents”)
or Día de los Angelitos (“Day of the Little Angels”)
Nov. 2 - Día de los Muertos
or
Día
de los
Difuntos
(“Day of the Dead”)
Mexican Days of the Dead
Slide26Often the visiting of gravesites and watch over the dead begins on Oct. 31 – which was celebrated in Europe (BEFORE IT WAS DONE IN THE U.S.) as Halloween or “All Hallows Eve” or the day before All Saints Day, also known as All Hallows Day or Hallowmas.Trick-or-treating resembles the late medieval practice of “
souling
”, when poor folk would go door to door on, receiving food in return for prayers for the dead.All Hallow’s
Eve
Slide27Samhain - a Gaelic (pre-Christian) harvest festival held on October 31–November 1The date of Samhain was associated with the Catholic All Saints' and All Souls' Days from at least the 8th century
Halloween
Slide28Day of the Dead
Slide29What makes the Mexican celebration distinctly Mexican are 1) the name Day(s) of the Dead2) the abundance and variety of sweet breads and candies
3) the humor and gaiety that marks the festivities
Mexican tradition
Slide30http://www.facebook.com/pages/Mexican-Sugar-Skull-com/147116664688https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yuqp6vYTs_g - Lonely Planet DofD
vs. Halloween
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RRJZ9B3eC0&t=6s - celebrated at Xcaret in the Riviera Maya
Slide31“The Day of the Dead, like Carnival, always presented a threat to the official political and religious establishment… Spanish rulers attempted to tone down, if not entirely eradicate, the popular celebration[s]” (363)
“… [the drunkenness that took place at the cemeteries]… This fiesta, which drew boundaries between the living and the dead and partially inverted their roles, showed up the presence of death in the midst of life…” (363)
cultural symbol
and political subversion
Slide32Zombies… in Vodou
and popular culture
Michael Jackson - Thriller
Slide33“The Magic Island” (1929)
Slide34“White Zombie” (1932)
Slide35Bela Lugosi
a.k.a. - Dracula
Slide36Healing of social relationships---believed to be the root causes of most—if not all—physical and emotional ailmentsAncestors are considered as partof one’s social network—
including the dead in religious
ceremony is integral to the Vodou belief system
Vodou - religion of healing
The
Guedes
Slide37The combining of different beliefs; often used to refer tothe blending of different religious
practices
Syncretism
Slide38Vodun altar in Benin
Slide39Catholic altar in U.S.A.
Slide40Vodou altar, Haiti
Slide41“voodoo doll”
Slide42Mambo Ezili Danto
(Santa Barbara Africana)
Slide43Papa Legba
(Saint Lazarus)
Slide44“the crossroads”
veve
for Papa
Legba
Slide45Gede
(St. Gerard
Majella)
Slide46“sexuality is perhaps the central
animating force in all of life…
sexual and spiritual energy come
from the same source” (10)
Slide47Vodou is NOT a static practice – nor is any cultural practice – so the fact that the practices of Carnival, the Day of the Dead and Vodou AND HALLOWEEN may merge with one another:
1) Is not new: given the 2000 years that Christianity has been on the planet and absorbing pre-Christian peoples and practices
2) Is not stopping: in an age of globalization, transnational communication via media images and flow of material goods
Slide48https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpeLdXeIbwA&NR=1 - vodou National Geographic
Guede
Haitian possession trance - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHY9WNDZ-h8&NR=1 Dancing with Guede
in Brooklyn - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzSCkCO4xjM
Slide49Increasingly global relationships of culture, people, and economic activity. The global distribution of the production of goods and services, through reduction of barriers to international trade.The term can also refer to the transnational circulation of ideas, languages, and popular culture.
Globalization
Slide50Heightened interconnectivity between people and the receding economic and social significance of boundaries among nation states.Transnationalism as an economic process involves the global reorganization of the production process, in which various stages of the production of any product can occur in various countries, typically with the aim of minimizing costs.
Nation-state boundaries become fluid/porous through migratory workforces, globalized corporations, global money flow, global information flow, and global scientific cooperation.
Transnationalism
Slide51Recent shift in migration patterns since the 1980s from point of departure to point of arrival—now there is an ongoing movement between two or more social spaces or locations facilitated by increased global transportation and telecommunication technologies that enable strong transnational ties to more than one “home” country, blurring the congruence of social space and geographic space.
Transmigrant
…