conjunctivitis is the worlds leading cause of preventable blindness Trachoma is a contagious infection in the eye caused by chlamydia trachomatis which causes blindness after multiple ID: 1047410
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1. TRACHOMA
2. Trachoma (granular conjunctivitis) is the world’s leading cause of preventable blindness
3. Trachoma is a contagious infection in the eye caused by chlamydia trachomatis which causes blindness after multiple reinfections.
4. Causes Chlamydia trachomatis Spread by direct contact with eye, nose and throat secretions from affected individuals of with fomites such as towels, washcloths etcFlies can be a route Untreated repeated trachoma infections result in entropion – eyelids turn inward casusing the eyelashes to scratch the cornea
5. Chlamydia trachomatis is spread through direct contact with an infected person.
6. Flies also play a major role in the spread of the disease.
7. Poor sanitation, dirty water, and lack of hygiene are causes of trachoma.
8. Signs and symptoms Symptoms of conjuctivitis, pink eyeWhite lumps in the undersuface of the upper eyelid (follicles)Non specific thickening with papillaeIrrtating and watery dischargePurulent dischargeScarring in the eyelid Lashes rub on the eye – trichiasisLinear scar over the lid – arlt’s lineResolved follicles leave small gaps – herberts pitsSwollen eyelidsSensitivity to bright lights
9. WHO classification Trachomatous inflammation, follicular (TF)—Five or more follicles of >0.5 mm on the upper conjunctivaTrachomatous inflammation, intense (TI)—hypertrophy and inflammatory thickening of the upper conjunctiva with the presence of follicles Trachomatous scarring (TS)—Presence of scarring in conjunctiva.Trachomatous trichiasis (TT)—At least one ingrown eyelash touching the globe.Corneal opacity (CO)—Corneal opacity or blurring part of the pupil margin
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11. Trachomatous inflammation-follicular
12. Trachomatous inflammation-follicular and intense
13. Trachomatous scarring
14. Trachomatous trichiasis
15. Management Surgery Tarsal rotation procedure – for trichiasis This involves incision of the scarred lid and external rotation of the distal margin by using 3 suturesSAFE MEASURES – SURGERY ANTIBIOTICS FACIAL CLEANLINESEVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
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17. Antibiotics Azithromycin – single oral dose of 20mg/kg Or Topical tetracycline – ointment twice a day for six weeks
18. Life style measures Facial cleanliness – children's with grossly visible nasal discharge, ocular discharge or flies on their faces are atleast twice likely to have trachomaCommunity based health education Environmental change to increase access to clean water and improved sanitation