Mass Disaster Training Goal is to identify those who are acutely affected those who demonstrate a disturbed mental state cognitive impairment or those with severe behavioral disturbances ID: 743090
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Assessment and Information Gathering
Mass
Disaster
TrainingSlide2
Goal is to identify those who are acutely affected, those who demonstrate a disturbed mental state, cognitive impairment, or those with severe behavioral disturbance(s).
Assessment includes:
Identification of high-risk individuals and groupsReferral to behavioral health professionals Access to hospitalization and outpatient treatment if neededTo identify and obtain concrete types of help
Coordinated and Collaborative Response to Terrorism & Mass Violence Crimes
Brief Initial Assessment
Mass
Disaster
TrainingSlide3
Pre-Event Person
Experience of Event
Post- Event Person
Proximity
Duration
Severity
Characteristics
History
Socioeconomic
Stressors
Strengths
Death of loved ones
Resource deterioration
Losses (home/income)
Illness/injury
Decline in perceived support
Changes in daily life
Factors for Assessment
Mass
Disaster
TrainingSlide4
Traumatic Reactions
Mass
Disaster TrainingSlide5
Common Presenting Symptoms
Chronic pain, migraines, vague somatic complaintsAnxiety, depressionIrritability, avoidance, self-risk behaviorDissociative symptomsChange in level of functioning
Mass
Disaster TrainingSlide6
Impact of severe/extreme stressors
“What happened”
not symptoms:Severe/extreme exposuresTraumatic Loss (missing family members)Ongoing or persistent stressorsInjury/illness
Peritraumatic severe panic
Mass
Disaster
TrainingSlide7
Important Risk Factors
Suicidal or homicidal ideationFelt or expressed extreme panic
Felt direct threat to life of self or family memberMultiple deaths of family members, friends, or peersDeath of immediate family memberDeath of friend or peerDeath of pet
Mass Disaster TrainingSlide8
Important Risk Factors
Significant injury of self or family memberTrapped or delayed evacuation
Family member currently missing or unaccounted forChild separated from caregiver(s) Home not livable due to incident
Mass Disaster TrainingSlide9
Take Mental Note
Past or preexisting trauma/psychological problems/substance abuse problemsInjured as a result of the disaster
At risk of losing life during the disasterLoved one(s) missing or deadFinancial concerns
Mass Disaster TrainingSlide10
Take Mental Note
Displaced from home / Living arrangement changingLost job or school /income/ routine
Assisted with rescue/recoveryHas physical/emotional disabilityMedication stabilizationIs this a child/adolescent/vulnerable adultSpiritual concernsOther / Almost anything you could/could not imagine
Mass Disaster
TrainingSlide11
What are we looking for
Personal impact of event
Survivors’ concerns about immediate post-event circumstances and ongoing threatsPhysical illness/need for medicationsLosses incurred as a result of the eventAvailable supportsPrior exposure to trauma and loss
Behavioral / physical / cognitive limitationsSTRENGTH BASED RESILIENCE FACTORS
Psychological First Aid
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Mass
Disaster
TrainingSlide12
Goals for Information Gathering
Provide for basic survival needs and comfort.
Help survivors achieve restful and restorative sleep.Preserve an interpersonal safety zone protecting basic personal space (e.g., privacy, quiet, personal effects).Provide nonintrusive ordinary social contact (e.g., a "sounding board," judicious uses of humor, small talk about current events, silent companionship).Address immediate physical health problems or exacerbations of prior illnesses.
Assist in locating and verifying the personal safety of separated loved ones or friends.
Mass
Disaster
TrainingSlide13
Goals for Information Gathering
Reconnect survivors with loved ones, friends, and other trusted
peopleHelp survivors take practical steps to resume ordinary daily life, help survivors take practical steps to resolve pressing immediate problems caused by the disaster (e.g., loss of a functional vehicle, inability to get relief vouchers, identification, etc
.)Facilitate resumption of normal family, community, school, and work rolesProvide survivors with opportunities to grieve their losses.
Help survivors reduce problematic tension, anxiety, or despondency to manageable levels.
Support survivors' local helpers through consultation and training about common stress reactions and stress management
techniques
Mass Disaster TrainingSlide14
Individual will tell you the important information up front
Try not to interrupt until the story has ended Ask questions to only to clarify what has been sharedBefore you ask a question – what will this information solve immediately
In your mind try and establish the sequence of eventsAvoid “Why?” and “Why not?” Don’t judgeAvoid evaluation of their experience and their reactionsRemember that silence is OK
Tips When Gathering Information
Mass
Disaster
TrainingSlide15
Identifying Substance Users/Abusers
Everyone—disaster victims, their families, and responders fits into one of these categories:
Abstainers: 40% of the general populationModerate usersPeople in recovery
Active users Heavy drinkers/users
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Source: Rodrigo Monterrey, Emergency Coordinator, BSAS, MA DPH
Mass
Disaster
TrainingSlide16
Assessment and Referral
Suicidal ideation
Alcohol or drug use or abuse (intoxication) Panic attacksAuditory or visual hallucinations; paranoia
Poor psychomotor functioning
Severe sleeping problems
Inability to
stop thinking about the event
Inability to self regulate/ constant intense moodSignificant change in behavior since traumaMass Disaster TrainingSlide17
Selina
Videohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eS2TGevJu0c
Mass Disaster TrainingSlide18
Salina
Any needs? What information would help you help her?
How would you ask for any information that may help her?
Mass Disaster TrainingSlide19
Things to Remember
Follow the lead of the individual in discussing what happened during the event
Know that not everyone will need youProvide only accurate informationIf you promise to do something, make sure you follow throughAvoid simplistic reassurances
Psychological First Aid
Source: Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
Mass
Disaster
TrainingSlide20
Things to Remember
Be aware that each survivor has unique needs
Maintain respectAcknowledge survivor strengthsKnow that this is not the time for labels or pathologizingBe calm, patient, and responsive
Listen to what they want to tell you first
Psychological First Aid
Mass
Disaster
TrainingSlide21
Things to Remember
Remain within scope of expertise and role
Get help from team when neededMaintain confidentialityBe culturally awareUse self as guideDo not press individuals to disclose details of any
trauma or loss
Psychological First Aid
Mass
Disaster
TrainingSlide22
What Helps
Screening and triage Providing psycho-education
Addressing children’s and families’ traumatic stress reactions and experiences Trauma narration and organization Enhancing emotional regulation and anxiety management
Mass
Disaster
TrainingSlide23
What Helps
Facilitating adaptive coping and maintaining adaptive routines Teaching parenting skills
Addressing grief and loss Promoting safety skills Evaluating treatment response and effectiveness
Engagement/addressing barriers to service-seeking
Mass
Disaster
TrainingSlide24
Questions?