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Cities Throughout History Cities Throughout History

Cities Throughout History - PowerPoint Presentation

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Cities Throughout History - PPT Presentation

Ancient Cities Walled Temples and Palaces in Middle settlements surrounding Graves outside the cities well planned narrow passages City States Trade oriented diffused along the Mediterranean ID: 691453

city cities downtown high cities city high downtown aphg land model areas cbd area replaced rural financial organizations people

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Cities Throughout History

Ancient Cities : Walled, Temples and Palaces in Middle, settlements surrounding. Graves outside the cities, well planned, narrow passages

City States: Trade oriented, diffused along the Mediterranean

Roman Cities: Connected by roads

Medieval Cities: Walled cities in Europe, supported by surplus from rural areasSlide2
Slide3

Modern World Cities

Headquarters of Major Banks and other financial institutions

Higher % of affluent

Clustering of major corporations

Disproportionately high # of fine dining, plays, opera, pro. sports teams, clubs, bars, etc.

Headquarters for trade organizations, professional organizations, multinational organizationsSlide4

Hierarchy of CitiesSlide5

Why Downtown?

CBD

Accessibility…

High land costs

Underground …

Peak Value Intersection

Skyscrapers

Vertical Geography

Clustering (

agllomeration

)

Financial analysts near brokerage firms; lawyers

Traditionally High Threshold businesses…

Ex: Goldsmiths,

Bry’s

, Sears,

Wollworth

Traditionally High Range businesses…Slide6

Downtown Today

What other businesses are located downtown?

Financial, government, legal…

Lunch…

New downtown malls…

Ban motor vehicles…

Entertainment Districts…

Sports

Downtown living has declined…

Manufacturing decline has led to…

Empty nesters and “yuppies”Slide7

Land Costs in CBD

Most high in world cities…

Ex: Tokyo business men – hotels

Intensive Land Use

Space is used below and…

Skyscrapers

Sense of place…

Rent differs…

Dominates skylines worldwide

Europe

Narrow streets and

lowrise

Parks in the center…

Limitations on cars and…

Preservation of historic CBDSlide8

Why the Suburbs?

Historic emphasis on neighborhoods and downtown has been replaced by suburbanization

After WWII the transportation changed

Prosperity

Leisure to…

Streetcars…

Enabled people and business…

Retailers and people went where land was abundant and cheaper

Neighborhood grocers have been replaced by…

Downtown shopping has been replaced by…

Factories abandoned 2-4 story CBD sites for large…

Technology encouraged service businesses…

Geography of nowhere???Slide9
Slide10

Where Have Cities Grown?Slide11

UrbanizationSlide12
Slide13
Slide14
Slide15

Physical Definitions of a City

City

Self-Governing unit

Urbanized Area

Density is greater than 1000/sq. mile

70% of US (30 city, 40 surrounding areas)

Metropolitan Statistical Area

Pop. Of at least 50,000

The county within which the city is located

Adjacent Counties w/high pop. And large% of residents working in the county the city is in

Micropolitan

Statistical Area

Urbanized area between 10,000 and 50,000 (Considered Rural)

Overlapping Metropolitan Areas (Conurbation)

Megalopolis, (

Boswash

,

Tokaido

,

Jakota

Triangle)Slide16
Slide17

Where Are People Distributed Within Cities? Models of Urban StructureSlide18

Concentric Zone Model

Sociologist E.W. BurgessSlide19

Sector Model

Economist Homer HoytSlide20

Multiple Nuclei Model

Geographers Harris and

UllmanSlide21
Slide22
Slide23
Slide24

European CitiesSlide25

Less Developed Cities

Precolonial

Cities

Colonial Cities

Cities Since IndependenceSlide26
Slide27
Slide28
Slide29

Latin American Model

Geographers Griffin and

FordSlide30

http://aphg.northgwinnett.com/aphg/review-guides-aphg-1Slide31

http://aphg.northgwinnett.com/aphg/review-guides-aphg-1Slide32

Squatter Settlements

Barrios – Mexico, Central America

Barriadas

– (Spanish) South America

Favelas

– Brazil (Portuguese)

Bidonvilles

– North Africa

Bustees

– India

Gecekondu

– Turkey

Kampongs – Malaysia

Barong-Barong –

Phillipines

Slide33

Inner-City Economic Problems

Loss of Tax Revenue Do to Suburbanization

Funding Gap

Federal Tax Cuts

Annexation of Peripheral Land

Prohibition Challenges

Too much annexation???Slide34

Chicago, ILSlide35

Inner City Physical Problems

Deterioration

Filtering

Redlining

Carter to

Fanie

Mae

Urban

Renewel

Public Housing

Gov. Subsidies

Cluster vs. “Scatter-site”

Renovated Housing

GentrificationSlide36

Inner City Social Problems

Underclass

High rates of…

Lack of Job Skills

Homelessness

Poverty Cycle

Family Decay

Crime

Ethnic and Racial SegregationSlide37

Suburban Sprawl and Smart GrowthSlide38

Suburban Challenges

Costs to the inner core

Roads and utilities must be extended

Aesthetic loss (parking lots, Geog. Of Nowhere)

Loss of Agricultural land

Suburban Segregation

Zoning ordinances

Income segregation

Reliance on Personal transportation

Rush hour commutingSlide39
Slide40

Peripheral ModelSlide41

Cleveland, OhioSlide42
Slide43

New Urbanism and Smart Growth

Purpose:

Limit Sprawl

Reduce Traffic Congestion

Reverse Inner-City Decline

Compact and Contiguous Development

Protection of Rural farm, Recreation, and Wildlife areas