Participants will be able to understand What ketones are Why ketones are monitored When ketones should be monitored When to contact the parentguardian or healthcare provider Participants will be able to demonstrate ID: 436410
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Learning Objectives for Ketone Testing
Participants will be able to understand:What ketones areWhy ketones are monitoredWhen ketones should be monitoredWhen to contact the parent/guardian or healthcare providerParticipants will be able to demonstrate:How to perform ketone testing
KBN 2014Slide2
What are Ketones?
Acids that result when the body does not have enough insulin and uses fats for energyMay occur when insulin is not given, during illness or extreme bodily stress or dehydrationCan cause abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, much like flu symptomsWithout sufficient insulin, ketones continue to build up in the blood and result in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)KBN 2014Slide3
Why Test for Ketones?DKA is a critical emergency situation
Early detection and treatment of ketones prevents DKA and hospitalizations Untreated, progression to DKA may lead to severe dehydration, coma, permanent brain damage or deathDKA is the number one reason for hospitalizing children with diabetesKBN 2014Slide4
When Should Ketones Be Checked?
The DMMP should specify, generally: When blood sugar remains elevated During acute illness, infection or feverWhenever symptoms of DKA are present-nausea -rapid breathing-vomiting or diarrhea -abdominal pain-fruity breath odor -fatigue or lethargy
-thirst and frequent urination
KBN 2014Slide5
How Quickly Does DKA Progress?
An isolated high blood sugar reading, in the absence of other symptoms is not cause for alarmDKA usually develops over hours or even daysDKA can progress much more quickly for students who use insulin pumps, or those who have an illness or infectionHappens most often when symptoms of DKA are mistaken for flu and high blood sugar and ketones are unchecked and untreatedKBN 2014Slide6
How to Test Urine Ketones
Gather suppliesStudent urinates in clean cup (a little dab will do)Put on gloves, if performed by someone other than the student4.
Dip the ketone test strip in the cup containing urine. Shake excess urine off the strip
Wait the instructed amount of time, usually 15-60
seconds, each brand varies
6.
Read results at designated time
7.
Record results, take action per DMMP
KBN 2014Slide7
Testing for urine ketones
Dip test strip in urine, remember to always wear gloves when handling urine or blood Time exactly as instructions state Read color change and document
KBN 2014Slide8
Test Results: Color Code
KBN 2014Slide9
Treatment for Ketones
DMMP specifies treatment for ketones for the individual student Generally: -free to use the restroom as needed -sugar-free liquids, i.e. water -insulin administered as per consultation with school nurse and DMMP -limit physical activity -if vomiting or lethargic, -nurse/school employee should call parent/guardianKBN 2014Slide10
KBN 2014
GO TO THE AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION SAFE AT SCHOOLS VIDEO CHAPTER 11 KETONESon the internet at YOU TUBE: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TXYMMguSDxs&feature=share&list=EC3DE9DDE8EB2A2E56