PPT-Lecture No.2 Aldehyde, Ketone, and carboxylic acids

Lecture No2 Aldehyde Ketone and carboxylic acids List of contents Aldehyde Ketone and carboxylic acids The carbonyl group Carbonyl Compounds Aldehydes and Ketones Biological Significance of Ketone Bodies. Aldehydes. The term Aldehyde come for the words . al. cohol . dehy. drogenation. . Preparation: Oxidation of primary alcohols according to the following equation:. Note: Oxidation can be considered as removal of hydrogens. 2. Introduction. The functional group of carboxylic acids consists of a C=O with -OH bonded to the same carbon.. Carboxyl group is usually written -COOH.. Aliphatic acids have an alkyl group bonded to -COOH.. Dr. . Sheppard. CHEM . 2412. Summer 2015. Klein (2. nd. ed. .) . sections: 21.1, 21.2, 21.6, 21.3, 21.15,. . . 21.4, 21.5, 21.10, 21.7, 21.8,. . . 21.9, 21.11, 21.12, 21.13, 21.14. Alcohols. Ethanol. Ethanol is produced from the fermentation of glucose. Glucose is often derived from the hydrolysis of more complex carbohydrates. (C. 6. H. 10. O. 5. ). n. + nH. 2. O . . nC. 6. 19-4. Carboxylic acids are relatively strong acids.. Carboxylic acids have much lower pK. a. values than do alcohols.. The lowered pK. a. values are due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the positively polarized carbonyl carbon and the resonance stabilization of the carboxylate group.. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. Chapter 14. 1. Carboxylic acids. The . carboxyl group. consists of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups attached to the same carbon.. carb. onyl + hydr. oxyl. . = . carboxyl. An . And. Their Derivatives. Chem. 108. Chapter . 10. 1. Carboxylic acids . are strong organic acids which contain . the . carboxyl group . (. -COOH, -CO. 2. H. ). Carboxylic acids . are classified as . Chapter 16. Carboxylic Acids. and Esters. Chapter . 16 . Carboxylic Acids and Esters. Surgical technicians prepare the operating room and the patients for surgery by . creating a . sterile environment . group. to the carbon in a carbonyl group.. IUPAC Names for Carboxylic . Acids. In the IUPAC names of carboxylic acids, . the . e. . in the alkane name is replaced with . oic. . acid. . Common Carboxylic Acids . Book chapter: 14. Pages: 472-511. Carbon atom of a carbonyl group is attached to a hydroxyl group forming a carboxyl group. As functional group – attached to an alkyl group or an aromatic group. IUPAC names. RCOOH and . ArCOOH. Functional Group =. O. C -OH. Common Names…. 1C – Formic Acid (. Methanoic. Acid). From Formaldehyde (. methanal. ). . 2C – Acetic Acid (. Ethanoic. Acid). From Acetaldehyde (. Aldehyde, Ketone, and Carboxylic acids.. Functional Groups Reactivity. :. Functional groups play a significant role in increasing organic compound reactivity, by controlling the direction of the reactions.. . Aldehyde. , Ketone, and carboxylic acids. Functional group. In . most organic compounds, atom or group of atoms arrange within a molecule to give a compound new chemical, and physical properties. . Dr. . SHATHA . I AQEEL. 108 . Chem. Learning Objectives. Chapter nine introduces carboxylic acids and their derivatives. . by the end of this chapter the students . will . know :. The structure of carboxylic acids.