The Past Simple The Past Progressive Continuous The used to past Advertisement to advertise Affluence affluent Agenda The tense system of Italian ID: 760273
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Slide1
What
do
you
remember
?
The
Past
Simple
The
Past
Progressive (
Continuous
)
The “
used
to”
past
Advertisement
to
advertise
Affluence
affluent
Agenda
Slide2The tense
system
of
Italian
distinguishes
between
“il passato prossimo” and “il passato remoto”.
In English
there
is
no
distinction
between
the
recent
past
and the
distant
past
.
The
universe
began
/
started
with the Big Bang 13.8
billion
years
ago
.
The film
began
/
started
five
minutes
ago
.
The
key
is
the word
ago
. The
Past
Simple
is
used
in
both
cases
because
there
is
a
temporal
reference
.
We
know
when
something
happened
.
Slide3The
Perfective
Aspect
The
Perfective
Aspect
indicates
a link
between
two
periods
of time.
have
/
has
/
had
+
part
participle
I
have
(
I’ve
)
done
a
lot
of work
this
week.
Has
Barbara
telephoned
yet
?
We
haven’t
had
time to
reply
to
all
the
emails
.
Before
the
course
started
,
all
the
students
had
bought
the text book.
Anna ha letto il giornale. Anna è andata al mare.
Anna
has
read
the
newspaper
. Anna
has
gone
to the beach.
Slide4Uses
of the
Present
Perfect
New
Get
Inside English
p. 112
Get
Inside English
p.101
There
is
a connection
between
the
past
and the
present
.
I
have
forgotten
my
password. (
Consequence
: I
can’t
log on)
Mr
Smith
has
gone
to a conference in Pisa. (and he
is
in Pisa
now
)
We
have
been
very
busy
this
week. (and
we
are
still
busy
)
Italy
have
won
the World
Cup
four
times
. (So far. In 2022?)
In
these
examples
we
do
not
find
the
words
last
or
ago
.
There
is
no
reference
to
a
specific
moment or
period
in the
past
.
Slide5The
Present
Perfect with
ever
a
nd
never
?
New
Get
Inside English
p. 116
Get
Inside English
p.104
Have
you
ever
seen
a
ghost
? No, I
haven’t
. No
I’ve
n
ever
seen
a
ghost
.
Has
Bill
ever
been
to the USA?
He’s
n
ever
been
to the
States
but
he’s
been
to Canada
twice
.
Have
you
ever
appeared
on TV? I
haven’t
but
my
girlfriend
has
.
In
these
examples
there
no
reference
to
when
.
1
-
(-1) = 2
She
hasn’t
never
met
the Queen.
h
as
never
OR
hasn’t
ever
Slide6BEEN
OR
GONE
?
New
Get
Inside English
p. 116
Get
Inside English
p.104
Jack
has
been
to China
three
times
(
but
he
is
home
now
).
Jack
has
gone
to China (and he
is
in
Beijing
now
).
You
can’t
speak
to Pauline right
now
because
she
has
gone
to the
bank
.
Try
again
a
little
later
.
Pauline
has
been
to the
bank
, so
she
has
plenty
of cash
at
the moment.
Slide7The
Present
Perfect with
yet
,
already
,
just
and
so far
New
Get
Inside English
p. 119
Get
Inside English
p.107
Have
you
seen
Spielberg’s new film
yet
?
No, I
have
n’t
seen
it
yet
.
Yes
,
I’ve
already
seen
it
.
She
can’t
graduate
because
she
hasn’t
passed
the English
exam
yet
.
Italy
hasn’t
got
a new
government
yet
but
some
people
have
already
asked
how
they
can
get
the “citizen’s
income
”.
We
are
still
wait
ing
for a
workable
coalition
to emerge.
There
is
a
tendency
to use
yet
in interrogative and negative
sentences
and
already
in
affirmative
sentences
but
this
is
not
a
grammatical
rule
.
Slide8She
is
upset
because
she
has
just
heard
some
sad
news.
We are suffering from jetlag because
we’ve just come back
from our holiday in California.
I
’ve just received
my tax bill but I haven’t had time to check the calculations yet.
Maura has been married three times
so far
and I think she’s looking for a fourth husband.
How many exams have you passed
so far
?
He’s only had two beers
so far
but
…
Slide9Present
Perfect for
duration
with
for
and
since
New
Get
Inside English
p. 123
Get
Inside English
p.110
How long
…
? = Da quanto tempo
…
?
Present
perfect
Presente indicativo
How long
as
Pippo Baudo
been
on TV?
He’s
been
on TV
since
1959.
He’s
been
on TV
for
59
years
.
How long
have
you
had
your
smart
phone
?
I’ve
had
it
since
September
2016.
It
was
a
birthday
present
.
I’ve
had
it
for
about
18
months
.
s
ince
+ a date, a time, an
event
for
+ a
number
of hours/
days
/
months
/
years
, a long time,
ages
Slide10Present Perfect v. Past SimpleNew Get Inside English p. 127 Get Inside English p.114
PRESENT PERFECT
PAST SIMPLE
J.K. Rowling has written 12 books and has made a lot of money.
(Link
with present)
Shakespeare wrote 37 plays and 154 sonnets.
He probably wasn’t a rich man.
(No link with the present)
I’ve known Amanda
for
ten years.
(know =
conoscere
)
I met Amanda ten years
ago
.
(meet =
incontrare
,
conoscere
per la prima
volta
)
He can’t drive because he
hasn’t
renewed his licence yet.
(present consequence of past action/inaction)
He couldn’t drive
when
he was in England because he didn’t want to change gear with his left hand.
She hasn’t got her degree yet. (but she intends to graduate)
Steve Jobs didn’t get a degree. (He dropped out of university)
Slide11The Present Perfect ContinuousNew Get Inside English p. 132 Get Inside English p.118
PROCESS
PRODUCT
He
is hot and sweaty because he has been jogging.
He has run twelve kilometres.
I have been
working in the garden this
morning.
I have cut
the grass and pulled up the weeds, and I have planted tomato and lettuce seeds.
We have been waiting at the bus stop for nearly 30 minutes.
Not a single bus has passed. Is there a strike today?
She’s been studying hard all week.
She’s read
Prof.
Greene’s book on genetics from cover to cover.
Slide12The
Past
Perfect
New
Get
Inside English
p. 136
Get
Inside English
p.121
The
Past
Perfect
links
two
past
actions
,
one
of
which
preceded
the
other
. The
Italian
equivalent
is
the
trapassato prossimo
. The
past
simple
and the
past
perfect
often
appear
in the
same
sentence
.
Before
he
came
to
Sardinia
, he
had
never
seen
a nuraghe.
When
we
got
to the
airport
, the check-in desk
had
already
closed
.
The prime
minister
didn’t
do
the
things
he
had
promised
to do
during
the
election
campaign
.
He
had
worked
for RAI
television
for
many
years
before
he
switched
to
la
7.
Page 552 (501)
Describing
personal
experiences
Slide13FALSE FRIENDS
AGONY For
most
women
giving
birth
is
not
just
painful
;
it
is
agony
.
ANNOY (
v
) ANNOYING (
adj
) ANNOYED (
adj
)
If
you
annoy
people
you
provoke
them
or
make
them
angry
Our
neighbours
play
loud
music
till
3.00 a.m.
It
is
really
annoying
.
I
will
be
annoyed
if
you
don’t
have
the book on
Thursday
.
ASSIST (v) ASSISTANCE (
n
) ATTEND (v) ATTENDANCE (
n
)
If
you
assist
someone
you
help
him
/
her
.
(TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE)
If
you
attend
a meeting or a
lesson
,
you
are
present
.