PPT-Ch 7- Alkenes and Alkynes I

Division of Material Alkenes and Alkynes are very versatile molecules in Organic Chemistry As a result there is a lot of information we need for them To make it manageable the information is divided into two chapters. 1 Chemical Tests for Alkanes, Alkenes, and Aromatic Compounds Introduction There are four types of hydrocarbons : alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds, each type with different chemical Objectives. Rules. Unsaturated. Alkenes. I certainly learnt to call ethylene . ethene. and propylene . propene. (see slide 1). Molecular formula. Alkanes. C. n. H. 2n+2. Alkenes. C. n. H. 2n. Alkynes?. Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatics. Types of Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons contain C and H. There are 4 families, alk. anes. only have C-C single bonds, alk. enes. have at least one C=C and alk. ynes. And Their Halogen Derivatives. IUG, Fall 2012. Dr . Tarek. . Zaida. Alkenes and Alkynes. 1. . Alkenes. are compounds containing carbon –carbon double bonds. The simplest . alkene. , . ethene. , is a plant hormone.. The relative stabilities of related alkenes can be determined by measuring their heats of combustion.. The thermodynamic stability of the butenes increases in the order: 1-butene < cis-2-butene < trans-2-butene.. Addition to Alkenes. Addition of H-X to the Carbon-Carbon Double Bond:. Markovnikov’s. Rule. In its original form, . Markovnikov’s. rule states that, during the addition of HX to a C=C, the hydrogen atom goes to the side of the . In a reaction catalyzed by mercuric ion, water can be added to alkynes to give enols, which then tautomerize to give ketones.. Hydration follows Markovnikov’s rule—terminal alkynes give methyl ketones:. Hydrocarbons . Essential idea. Structure, bonding and chemical reactions involving functional group inter-conversions are key strands in organic chemistry.. Learning outcomes . Understand:. Alkanes. have low reactivity and undergo free-radical substitution reactions.. 11-2. The double bond consists of sigma and pi components.. Ethene is planar. It contains two trigonal carbon atoms having bond angles close to 120. o. . . The hybridization of the carbon atoms is best described as sp. and alkyne . Reactions, continued. Dr. Clower. CHEM 2411. Spring 2014. McMurry. (8. th. ed.) sections 7.7-7.8, 7.10-7.11, 10.3-10.4, 8.2-8.8, 8.10, 8.12, 9.3-9.8, 7.1, 8.1, 9.2, 9.9 . Reactions of Alkynes. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon. :. . contains one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. alkene. :. . contains a carbon-carbon double bond and has the general formula C. n. Third . Edition. David Klein. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.. Klein, Organic Chemistry 3e . 10.1 Alkynes. Alkynes are molecules that possess a C. C triple bond. Alkenes. 108 . Chem. Learning Objectives. Chapter . two discusses the following topics and the student by the end of this chapter will:. . Know the structure, hybridization and bonding of alkenes . . . initiated. by an hydride shift. Yann . Odabachian. 25.09.2012. Concept of redox . processes. First type of application. The . tert. -amino. . effect. Thermic. transformation :. Lewis . acid. .