Chapter 23 - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Chapter 23World War II Erupts

Miss BlattSlide2

Europe After World War I

World war I left

millions

of people dead

destruction of numerous

cities

and

Farms

Problems with peace

The Treaty of Versailles

ended the war

But left European nations

dissatisfied

France

in particular was disappointed hoping that the treaty would weaken

Germany

Both France and Italy felt

the treaty was

not

harsh

enough

Italy was also unhappy because they were

ignored

during the peace talks when they expected to be rewarded for being

on the

winning side

of

the

warSlide3

German OutrageGermany suffered the

most

from WWI

ruined its

economy

left the people feeling

humiliated

ushered in a period of

political upheaval

for Germany

had to make heavy

reparations

for the war damage to other countries

In the early 1920s these events and factors brought about a time of severe

i

nflation

or rising prices

Communism

and

Socialism

tried to take control of Germany in 1918 and in early 1919, but

failed

Soon established a government led by

less radical elements

.

Known as the

Weimar Republic

not a

strong

governmentSlide4

faced opposition on both sides ---

Communists

on the left and

the

antidemocratic

which was

on the right

unhappiness

with the

German

Military

reduced greatly in

size

and

powerSlide5

Totalitarian Leaders Arise

Mussolini and the birth of Fascism

first leader to emerge from Europe was

Benito Mussolini

Was

Italian

a member of the

Fascist

party

Unlike many of his fellow socialists,

supported

Italy’s

entry

into World War I

strongly

opposed

communism

and socialism

started a new political party -----

National Fascist Party

Believed that fascism was a system of government that

stressed

the

Glory

of the stateSlide6

Totalitarian Leaders Arise (continued)

summed up principle of fascism the slogan --- “Everything in the State, nothing against the state.

individual

rights

and

concerns

were of little importance

After WWI, Mussolini used his dynamic

speaking

skill

to win a seat in the parliament of Italy

He and the people of Italy blamed communists and socialists for the

disorder

of

postwar

Italy

In 1922 became leader of the

government

established

a

dictatorship

controlled every aspect of life

----

totalitarian

regimeSlide7

Hitler’s Rise to Power

was born in

Austria

Adolf

Hitler

was a successful

art

student

rejected

by the German military because they thought he was too

weak

to carry a

weapon

But in WWI Hitler

volunteered

for the Army

His anger about the Treaty of Versailles led him into

politics

and

joined a small political party known as the

National Socialists

or the

Nazis

The Nazis attracted many

former soldiers

during this time, he discovered his natural talent

for

public speaking

and

leadershipSlide8

Hitler’s Rise to Power (part 2)

was

impatient

for change in Germany

In 1923 he organized an effort to

seize

power in Germany by

force

His revolt

failed

was imprisoned for

nine

months of a

five-year

sentence

in prison, wrote a book called

Mein

Kampf

----

German for

“

My Struggle

”

book outlined Hitler’s major ideas and

stressed

nationalism

and

devotion

to

the state

In

Mein

Kampf

, Hitler expressed a

belief in

race

superiority Slide9

Hitler’s Rise to Power(part3)

called the race

Aryans

blamed

J

ews

for

Germany’s problems and that they

threatened

the

purity

of

the German race

now

wanted to gain power by

peaceful

means

Hitler

gradually gained power

and by

1933

the Nazis were the

most

powerful

party in

the

nation

Hitler

became

chancellor

of GermanySlide10

Hitler’s Rise to power (part 4)

Hitler established his views by…

Eliminating

powerful opponents

spread the

myth

of Aryan

greatnes

announce the coming of a great German

empire

glorified above

all

other

Germans

secretly built up German

armed forces

planned to be used to

expand

German

territorySlide11

Adolf HitlerSlide12

Other Regimes

Spain erupted in a

civil war

in the 1930s

Fascist General

Francisco Franco

came to power

In

the

communist

Soviet

Union Joseph Stalin came to

power

in the mid – 1920s

Japan was torn by economical

conflict

and in the 1930s leaders used violence to gain control over the governmentSlide13

Francisco FrancoSlide14

Other Regimes (part 2)

Fascist and Communists

represent

opposite political extremes

But some have

similarities

both

crushed

political

opponents

Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin each created

a

myth

of his own

greatnessSlide15

Totalitarian Governments and Military Force

Japan and Manchuria

In the 1920s Japan reached the

limited

size of

its

territory

Japan’s islands were getting

crowded

leading

the people to

expand

their

territory and gain greater

access

to

wealth

and

resources

at this time Japan was under

civilian

control

people strongly dissatisfied with

their

military

Some Japanese Generals acted in 1931 when the Japanese army invaded a

Chinese

province named

ManchuriaSlide16

Totalitarian Governments and Military Force (part 2)

goal to seize Manchuria’s

land

and

resources

takeover of Manchuria demonstrated

the

weakness

of the

Japanese

Government

many

critizied

Japan for invading

Manchuria

especially

The League of NationsSlide17

Italy Invades Ethiopia

In

1935

Mussolini invades Ethiopia

Italy tried to establish an Italian

colony

in Ethiopia in the late 1800s

Italy’s forces

conquered

the country

Ethiopian emperor

Haile Selassie

asked for help from the League of NationsSlide18

Spanish Civil War

Spaniards held political views between fascists and communists and nationalists and troubled by political conflict in

the 1930s

In

1936

this

conflict led to a

civil war

war attracted

interest

and

involvement

from

many other countries in

Europe

and

North AmericaSlide19

Spanish Civil War (part 2)

For example…

Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany sent forces and equipment for the

nationalists

nationalists were lead by

General Francisco Franco

opposing the Nationalists were the so-called

Republicans

,

who controlled the government at the start of the war

Republicans had the

support

from the Soviet Union and

volunteers

from the United States

many other countries

joined

the

Republican side

Spanish Civil War was

bloody

and

brutal

Franco’s nationalists

defeated

the

Republicans in

1939Slide20
Slide21

Hitler Takes Action

rebuilds German military

openly stated to

re-arm

Germany which was

violating

the Treaty of Versailles

In 1935 Hitler

rebuilt

his

naval

forces

planned on using

war

to build his nationSlide22

Militarizing the Rhineland

The Treaty of Versailles

required

Germany to keep its troops out of Rhine River area ( a valley along the French border)

Hitler

violated

it in 1936 and sent troops over to Rhineland

Great Britain and France did not

go to

war

with

Germany yetSlide23

The Anschluss

wanted to gain control over

Austria

believed that since he was born in Austria that Germans should become

united

Anschluss =

union with Germany

when Austria

refused

Hitler’s invitation to the Anschluss, Hitler sent troops into Austria

Anschluss was

another

violation of the Treaty of VersaillesSlide24

Sudetenland

Hitler planned to gain control

of

Czechoslovakia

—

German-speaking

part of Czechoslovakia called the Sudetenland

British

prime minister

Neville

Chamberlin and

French

premier

Edouard

Daladier

met

with

Hitler

Both men

agreed

to allow Hitler to

annex

Sudetenland

at the Munich Conference

Annex = to make a country or territory become

part

of another country by forceSlide25

World War II Starts

Appeasement = giving in to the aggressive demands to maintain

peaceSlide26

Hitler’s Early Moves

in

March 1939

Hitler captured the rest of Czechoslovakia

without

a fight

One by one,

people

lost

their trust in Hitler quickly

Next, Hitler planned to form

Alliances

that he hoped would help him

established a

pact

with Italy

August, 1939 Hitler announced a

nonaggression

pact

with Stalin and the Soviet Union

Hitler

shrewdly

used this pact with Stalin to keep Stalin out of Germany’s way

The rest of Europe was

shocked

and concerned for the Soviet Union eventually being

attacked

by

GermansSlide27

Hitler Attacks Poland

The

spark

event that

started

World War II

Used a German

criminal

dressed up in a

Polish

military

uniform who was

shot

at

the border of Germany and Poland

On

September 1, 1939 Germany

lied

that

it had been attacked by Poland trying to use the dead criminal as proof

Germans used the

blitzkreg

tactic in the invasion of Poland

By the

end

of September Poland was in German handsSlide28

German Forces Turn to the West

On September 3, 1939

Great Britain

and

France

declared war on Germany

Initial

Allies

were Great Britain and France and later the Soviet Union

The Allies didn’t attack Germany immediately, but

waited

for Hitler’s next move

Germany did not attack in

the

winter

of 1939-1940Slide29

German Forces Turn to the West (part 2)

this period of inaction called,

sitzkrieg

or the

phony war

Germany’s

next plans were to invade Ardennes (

ahr

-DENS)

Forest

in

northern

France

and Belgium

lull

in

fighting or stalemate ended in April of 1940 when Hitler sent his forces into

Denmark

and

Norway

this attack was aimed to gain

access

to the Atlantic Ocean

easy

win

for HitlerSlide30

The Netherlands and Belgium Fall

On May 1940 Germany made

their

expected strike

against

France

By early June

Germans

trapped

hundreds

of thousands of Allied Soldiers at the French port

of

Dunkirk

In a

heroic

rescue

Allied

ships and hundreds of civilian boats saved nearly 340,000 troops from the coast and carried them

to

Great

B

ritainSlide31

France Falls

surprised French troops at through the Ardennes Forest where the

waiting

troops were bypassed

Hitler’s troops

now

raced towards Paris

By the end of June

France

surrendered

to Germany

Vichy, France was one part of France that

was

unoccupied

and

the French officials who had control over Vichy

cooperated

with Hitler

General Charles de

Gaulles

and other leaders fled to

Great Britain

to prevent Germany or Vichy to have

control

of FranceSlide32

Battle of Britain

Great Britain was now led by

Winston Churchill

still trying to

maintain

a peace agreement with Germany, Hitler planned to

invade

Great Britain too.

First stage of the German plan was to attack the British

Air Force

For

the

first

time, a German planned

failed

German Air Force used Luftwaffe to

bomb

London

By late 1940 the Battle of Britain was

over

Hitler was

forced

to

call off the attempted

invasionSlide33

Tensions in East Asia

Japan viewed itself as a great

Imperial

Power

In 1934 it began expanding

its

naval

forces

This violated

promises

it made at the Washington Naval Conference in the early 1920s

In 1936 Japan

signed

an

anticommunism pact with

Germany

that

clearly linked Japan with Europe’s Fascist menace

In 1937 Japan

began

a war

against

China

war was

brutal

and

the Japanese massacred about 200,000 to 300,000 Chinese men in the capital of NanjingSlide34

Tensions in East Asia (part 2)

In 1940 Japan

allied

with Germany and Italy

these three countries were known as the

Axis Powers

Japan and French Vichy government agreed to take control of

French Indochina

was a French colony in

Southeast Asia

The US threatened Japan that if they invaded and took resources from US allies like Great Britain that we would

deny

and

ban access from

Japan

to getting

oil suppliesSlide35

Tensions in East Asia (part 3)

Japan had a

powerful

group

led by Hideki Tojo who pushed the

government

not

to

accept

any

compromise

Tojo

was a strong

Nationalist

was willing to go to war to build a

Japanese

empire

In October 1941 pressure from

Tojo

caused the Japanese

Government

to

resign

took

control

of

country

US realized

that

compromising

with

Japan

was

overSlide36

American Isolationism

feared that if upon entering WWII the League of Nations would

drag

the US into

future

wars

isolationism= the desire to

avoid

involvement in

foreign

wars

Isolationists were

not

necessarily

pacifists

pacifists= people who did not believe in the use

of

peace

Most

Americans

remained ready to defend their country Slide37

American Isolationism (part 2)

Isolationists simply wanted to

preserve

America’s freedom

to

choose

to get involved in war or not to

Franklin D. Roosevelt was

not

an isolationist

FDR had supported the US

entry

into the League of Nations

In Roosevelt’s first term, he

rarely

focused

on foreign-policy matters

Then in 1933, the United States established

diplomatic

relations with the

Soviet Union

Congress passed the

Neutrality Act

in 1935

law was made in order to

prevent

the

nation from being drawn into war as it had been in 1917 (WWI

)Slide38

Balancing Isolationism and Intervention

circumstances

overseas

taking an alarming turn

Roosevelt viewed Italy as

a

dangerous

aggressor

Halted

sales

of war supplies to the countries in war especially to Italy

ended

oil

shipments to Italy

Roosevelt believed that he could

do

little

more

isolationists wanted the US to remain

neutralSlide39

Balancing Isolationism and Intervention

Roosevelt

had supported

put

in place the neutrality act during Spanish Civil War by not supplying anything to any country at war

deep down Roosevelt

did not

want

to remain neutral

deeply disturbed by the aggressive actions of the totalitarian

states

In Roosevelt’s

Quarantine

speech he planned to have the US work with

Peace

-loving

countries and to quarantine aggressive nations

Roosevelt had Congress pass a new policy Slide40

Preparing for War

Roosevelt had Congress pass a new policy in 1938 that would allow US

naval

vessels

Isolationists were concerned that warships was a sign of

war

Hitler’s aggressive actions

strengthened

Roosevelt’s

position

While Isolationists cheered on Chamberlain’s

appeasement

at

Munich, Switzerland, however, Roosevelt got Congress to change the

nation’s

neutrality

laws

The new policy was known as

Cash-and -CarrySlide41

Preparing for War (part 2)

this policy allowed countries at war to

purchase

American

goods

as

long as they paid cash and picked them up at American

ports

Roosevelt hoped that this policy would allow the

Allied

to

slow

Hitler’s advances.

Roosevelt agreed to trade

50

warships for

8

British

military bases.Slide42

The Election of 1940

Roosevelt sought his

third

term

His opponent was

Wendell Willkie

But voters choose to stick with Roosevelt for another term

at the end of December of 1940 Roosevelt declared his goal of making the country an

“

arsenal of democracy

”

an arsenal =is where

weapons

are stored.

Congress passed the

Lend-Lease-Act

which

allowed the nation

to

send

weapons

to aid Great Britain regardless of it’s ability to paySlide43

The Election of 1940 (part 2)

In August of 1941 Churchill and Roosevelt on a ship in

Canada

to agree on the

Atlantic Charter

which proclaimed the shared goals

of

the US and Great Britain.

The America First Committee became the president’s leading

critics

of

his actions towards warSlide44

The Election of 1940 (part 3)

As the United states sought to deliver war supplies to aid countries,

German

U-boats

tried

to stop them.

In October 1941,

torpedoes

struck

the American destroyers USS

Kearny

11

Americans died

two weeks later, a German U-boat sank the USS

Rueben James

killing more than

100

sailors.Slide45

Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor

many predicted that

Japan

and US would go to war against each other

the key question was who was going to make their move

first

and how and where the fighting would begin

American officials believed that Japan would attack some US base in the

Philipines

or

British

territory in Southeast Asia

Japan had been planning a

surprise

attack

on the American Naval base in

Pearl

Habor

HawaiiSlide46

Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor (part 2)

Was home to the US Navy’s Pacific Fleet

wasn’t

prepared

for

what Japan had in store

IN December 7, 1941

the

Japanese

bombed Pearl Harbor

In the end

2

00

aircraft were completely destroyed

,

2,400

died

Japan only lost

30

aircraftSlide47

American Reaction

Rumors spread that they would attack the

west Coast

especially the coast of

California

Roosevelt

expected

a

Japanese strike, but also a

formal

declaration

of war as well

On December 8, 1941 Roosevelt asked Congress for a declaration

of War

Three days later,

Germany

and

Italy

declared war on the United States

Entered as one of the

Allies

in

WWIISlide48