Magnitude and Intensity M w 60 amp 58 MMI VIVII Date May 20 th and 29 th 2012 Todays Presentation A short lecture activity sequence designed to engage students in learning about EQ epicenter location ID: 620524
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Earthquake damage near Modena, northern Italy
Magnitude and Intensity: Mw 6.0 & 5.8; MMI VI-VIIDate: May 20th and 29th 2012Slide2
Today’s Presentation:A short lecture activity sequence designed to engage students in learning about EQ epicenter location
Activity works for any class sizeIncorporates three separate activities:Slinky demonstration of EQ wavesThink-Pair-SharePhysical activityGeneration of seismic energy by studentsSlide3
Learning about EarthquakesTwo learning objectives for students undertaking E&PS 101 at UNM-VC are:Students will be able to describe earthquakes;
how they occur,what the three types of seismic waves are, and how these waves differ.Students will be able to determine an earthquake’s epicenter from seismic wave dataSlide4
p wavesp for p
rimary as they arrive first (they are fastest)Compressional wave (“push-pull” motion)s wavess for secondary as they arrive secondShear wave (“side-to-side” motion)Speed = approx. 60-65% of p-wave speedL wavesLove and Rayleigh wavesLarge amplitude, Long duration, Low frequency Speed = Last to arriveSeismic Waves with a Slinky
Body Waves
Surface Waves
Students really appreciate the alliteration hereSlide5
Learning about EarthquakesTwo learning objectives for students undertaking E&PS 101 at UNM-VC are:Students will be able to describe earthquakes;
how they occur,what the three types of seismic waves are, and how these waves differ.Students will be able to determine an earthquake’s epicenter from seismic wave dataSlide6
Locating an Earthquake’s Epicenter
Think-Pair-ShareStudy the graph on the right. Make two observations about the two lines labeled P and S.Slide7
Locating an Earthquake’s Epicenter
It is necessary to measure the amount of time between the arrival of P and S waves on a recordingWe can use the time to read off a distance using our graphSlide8
Think-Pair-ShareFor the Loma Prieta
earthquake, the P-minus-S interval at the Albuquerque seismic station was 2 minutes and 18 seconds (or 2.3 minutes).How far had the seismic waves traveled to reach Albuquerque?Is this enough information for us to determine the epicenter of the Earthquake?Epicenter Distance (km)Travel Time (min)
P
S
Hint:
Each square on vertical axis is 20 seconds, and each square on horizontal axis is 200 kmSlide9
One Station is not enough…With two we can narrow it down…Slide10
Locating an Earthquake Epicenter
We need at least 3, widely spaced places where we can record an earthquake’s energy.123Slide11
Locating an Earthquake Epicenter
Seismograph A
Seismograph B
Seismograph CSlide12
Live Seismic Data
Seismogram A:
Seismogram B:
Seismogram C:
Time (milliseconds)Slide13
Locating an Earthquake Epicenter
Seismograph A
Seismograph B
Seismograph CSlide14
SmartPhone AccelerometersSmart phones measure motionE.g. Turn phone to turn picture feature
That means they can also measure seismic energySearch “Earthquake App” on the internet for more infoSlide15
Let’s see what’s happening around the world…
http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/drums/http://www.ees.nmt.edu/Geop/eworm-heli//http://earthquake.usgs.gov/monitoring/spectrograms/24hr/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/ Slide16
“The Muddiest Point”