Essential Standard 300 Summarize Plant Anatomy Objective 301 Discuss biological terms used to describe plants Plant Sciences Biologythe branch of science that deals with both plant and animal organisms and life processes ID: 497299
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Plant Physiology
Essential Standard 3.00:
Summarize Plant AnatomySlide2
Objective 3.01
Discuss biological terms used to describe plants.Slide3
Plant Sciences
Biology-the branch of science that deals with both plant and animal organisms and life processes
Zoology-the part of biology that deals with animals
Botany the part of biology that deals with plantsSlide4
Plant Sciences
Applied plant sciences are based on the purposes for which the plants are grown
Agronomy
Forestry
HorticultureSlide5
Agronomy
The science and practice of growing field crops such as cotton, wheat, tobacco, corn and soybeans.Slide6
Forestry
The science and practice of growing, managing and harvesting trees for building materials and other products.Slide7
Horticulture
The science and practice of growing, processing and marketing fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plantsSlide8
Life Cycles of Plants
Annual-a plant that completes its life cycle in one year
Biennial-a plant that completes its life cycle in two years
Perennial-a plant that lives more than two yearsSlide9
Leaf Retention
Deciduous-loses leaves during the dormant season
Evergreen-keeps leaves and remains green year-roundSlide10
Plant Hormones
Several types of hormones are used to help plants work more efficiently.
Inhibitors
cytokinins
gibberellias
auxinsSlide11
Inhibitors
Inhibitors hasten fruit ripening, retain seed germination and stem elongation.Slide12
Cytokinins
Hormones that work with auxins to stimulate cell division.Slide13
Gibberellias
Hormones that stimulate cell elongation, premature flowering, and breaking of dormancy.Slide14
Auxins
Hormones that speed plant growth by stimulating cell enlargementSlide15
Moisture in Plants
Turgid-plant is swollen or filled with moisture
Wilted-plant is limp because it does not have enough moistureSlide16
Plant Growth
Dormant
A plant rest or grows very little
Response to an adverse conditionSlide17
Season Crop Type
Cool Season
Plants relish cool weather
Pansies grow best in spring or fall
Warm Season
Grow best in summer and early fall
Zinnia
Marigold
Vinca
PoinsettiaSlide18
Objective 3.02
Discuss the anatomy and functions of plants.Slide19
Leaves-External
Petiole-Leaf stalk or part that connects the leaf to the stem
Blade-The large, flat part of the leaf
Midrib-The large center vein
Veins-The structural framework of the leaf
Margin-The edge of the leaf
Apex – Leaf Tip Slide20
Leaves-ExternalSlide21
Leaves-Internal
Upper and lower epidermis-skin of the leaf that prevents the loss of too much moisture
Stomates-small openings under the leaf for breathing or transpiration
Guard Cells-open and close stomatesSlide22
Leaves-Internal
Chloroplasts-small green particles that contain chlorophyll
gives leaves their green color
necessary for photosynthesisSlide23
Leaves-InternalSlide24
Leaves-InternalSlide25
Leave-Functions
Photosynthesis
process by which plants capture sunlight and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into food
Respiration
converts sugars and starches into energy
Transpiration
release of water vapor from the leaves of plants
It also cools the plantSlide26
Sessile describes leaves without a petiole
Example zinnia
Bracts are modified leaves
Example poinsettia
Needles and scales are modified leaves
Example pine tree
Leave-AdditionsSlide27
Leave-Additions
Glabrous leaves or stems have a smooth non-hairy feel
Example southern magnolia
Pubescent leaves or stems have a hairy feel
Example African violetSlide28
Stems-External
Lenticels-breathing pores
Bud scale scars-show where terminal buds have been located
Leaf Scars-show where leaves
were
attached
Terminal bud-bud on the end of a stem
Axillary or lateral bud-bud on side of stemSlide29
Stems-Internal
Xylem-tissue that transports water and nutrients up from the roots to stems and leaves
Phloem-tissue that transports food down from leaves to rootsSlide30
Stems-Internal
Phloem
Phloem
XylemSlide31
Stems-Internal
Cambium-thin, green, actively growing tissue located between bark and wood and produces all new stem cells
Bark-old inactive phloem
Heartwood-old inactive xylem
Sapwood-new active xylemSlide32
Stems-Internal
Cambium
Heartwood
Sapwood
BarkSlide33
Stems-Internal
Monocota-plant stems have vascular bundles that contain both xylem and phloem in each bundle
examples: corn, grasses
Dicata-plant stems have the phloem layer and xylem layer separated by cambium
example: treesSlide34
Stems-Internal
Monocot
DicotSlide35
Roots-External
Root cap-indicates growth of new cells
Root hairs-absorb moisture (water) and minerals
Root images from a rice plantSlide36
Roots-Internal
Much like stems in that they have a phloem, cambium, and xylem layer
Phloem-the outer layer that carries food down the root
Xylem-the inner layer that carries water and minerals up to the stemSlide37
Layers of Roots
Fibrous-many branched shallow roots
are easier to transplant
Tap-long root with few branched ones
more difficult to transplantSlide38
Flowers
Sepals-Green parts that cover and protect flower bud before it opens
Petals-are really leaves that are modified to attract insects for flower pollination, the pretty part that we call flowers
Stamen-male part of the flower
Pistil-female part of the flowerSlide39
FlowersSlide40
Parts of the Stamen
Filament-short stalk that holds up the anther
Anther-a sac-like structure that contains pollen, the male sex cellsSlide41
Parts of the Pistil
Ovules-the eggs or female sex cells that become seeds if fertilized
Ovary-if fertilized becomes a fruit or seed coat
Style-holds up the stigma and connects it to the ovary
Stigma-sticky part on top of style where insects leave pollenSlide42
Parts of the Pistil
Stigma
Style
OvarySlide43
Complete-vs-Incomplete
Complete flowers have both male and female parts
Incomplete flowers have only male or female partsSlide44
What are the functions of these plant parts?Slide45
Functions of Leaves
Photosynthesis-manufactures food in green plants which is the beginning of the food chain for all living things
Photosynthesis is the process by which carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light are converted to sugar and oxygenSlide46
Functions of Stems
Translocation-moves water and minerals from roots up to the leaves and move food from the leaves down to the roots
Supports branches, leaves, flowers, fruits and seedsSlide47
Functions of Roots
Absorption-take water and nutrients from the soil and conduct them to the stem
Anchor the plant and hold it upright
Store food for plant use
Asexual reproduction in some plantsSlide48
Functions of Flowers
Produce seeds used for sexual reproduction
Attract insects for pollination (Pollination is the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.)
Produce fruit to protect, nourish and carry seedsSlide49
Objective 3.03
Discuss floriculture and landscape plantsSlide50
Taxonomy
The science of classifying and identifying plants
Scientific names are used because the same common name is used for different plants in different areas of the world.Slide51
Karl von Linne
Swedish botanist that developed the binomial system of naming plants using two Latin words to indicate the genus and species.
Linne changed his name to the Latin name Carolus Linneaus.Slide52
Scientific Names
Latin is the language used for scientific classification.
The first word is the genus and the second word is the species. If there are additional words, they indicate a variety or cultivar.Slide53
Genus vs. Species
Plants in the same genus have similar characteristics.
Plants in the same species consistently produce plants of the same type.Slide54
Scientific Classification
The broadest category of scientific classification is the Kingdom--either plant or animal.
The broadest category in the plant kingdom is division or phylum.Slide55
Divisions
The four most important divisions of the plant kingdom are:
Thallophites
Bryophytes
Pteriophytes
SpermatophytesSlide56
Spermatophytes
Contains flowering or seed-bearing plants
Two subdivisions are:
Gymnosperms and AngiospermsSlide57
Common Plant Genus
Pinus-Pine
Acer-Maple
Ilex-Holly
Ficus-fig
Cornus-dogwood
Rhododendron-rhododendron
Quercus-oak