STAAR EOC REVIEW - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

STAAR EOC REVIEWWORLD HISTORY

UNIT

12

REVOLUTIONS AND LIBERTYSlide2

Causes:English democratic traditions (i.e. Magna

Carta

, Glorious Revolution, English bill of Rights) establish legal protections and the idea of the limited power of government.Influence of Enlightenment ideasJohn Locke: governments derive their power from the consent of the people; subjects were justified in overthrowing abusive power.Taxation without representationParliamentary supremacy vs. colonial legislatures

AMERICAN REVOLUTION CAUSESSlide3

Declaration of Independence

Revolutionary

WarThe Articles of ConfederationConstitutional ConventionU.S. ConstitutionThe Bill of RightsSpread of independence movements in the western hemisphere.

AMERICAN REVOLUTION

CONSEQUENCESSlide4

Because of the distance between Britain and her colonies, the colonists early on became accustomed to self-rule through their own local colonial assemblies.

Britain

ran up a massive debt aiding the colonists in the French and Indian war. Parliament attempted to exert greater control and tax the colonists.The colonists object to taxation without representation in Parliament.Sons of Liberty, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, Coercive ActsAMERICAN REVOLUTIONCHARACTERISTICSSlide5

MontesquieuThe new republican government adapted the ideas of Montesquieu that government should be based on a separation of powers among the branches of government with a system of checks and balances

.

The Bill of RightsBefore they agreed to ratification, Anti-federalists insisted that a Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution that would protect the liberties of the peopleDemocracy – a government controlled by its citizens.Republic – a form of democracy in which power is in the hands of representatives and leaders that are elected by the peopleDeclaration of IndependencePeople are born with natural rights; the responsibility of government is to secure these rightsgovernments

are given their powers by the consent of the people are justified in overthrowing a government that fails to secure their natural rights.

U.S. Constitution

Democracy

& Popular Sovereignty

Limited

governmentSeparation of PowersChecks and BalancesFederalismHuman rights

U.S. CONSTITUTION INFLUENCESSlide6

Causes:

Influence

of Enlightenment ideas and the success of the American RevolutionWeak monarchy under Louis XVIGovernment DebtGrievances of the Third EstateMeeting of the Estates-GeneralEffects and Characteristics:Constitutional monarchy for a timeReign of Terror/Robespierre

Dictatorship

of Napoleon

Loss

of major colonial holdings (Louisiana Purchase, Spain’s holdings in Latin America)

FRENCH REVOLUTIONSlide7

Enlightenment ideas contributed to the popular desire for liberties (Locke-American, Rousseau-French).

Issues

of taxation spark both revolutionsEach sought to establish democratic principles of government.Religion: Am. Rev established freedom of religion; Fr. Rev challenged the power of the Catholic ChurchBoth established republican governments (though the French Republic did not last)Americans overthrew a distant colonial ruler. The French overthrew their existing social order.Both revolutions resolved issues through violence, though to much greater degree in France

.

Comparing the American

and French

RevolutionsSlide8

Declaration of IndependencePeople

are born with natural rights; the responsibility of government is to secure these rights

governments are given their powers by the consent of the peoplepeople are justified in overthrowing a government that fails to secure their natural rightsU.S. ConstitutionDemocracy & Popular SovereigntyLimited governmentSeparation of Powers

Checks

and Balances

Federalism

Human

rights

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizenpeople are “free and equal”Government rests on the consent of the people (popular sovereignty) rather than the divine right of a king.“Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity”Temporarily established a constitutional monarchy

IMPACT OF POLITICAL DOCUMENTSSlide9

The Napoleonic code consolidated many goals of the Revolution such as social equality, religious toleration, and trial by jury.

The

ideas of the French Revolution were introduced in areas conquered by Napoleon, ending feudal restrictions and serfdom. Spain was weakened, causing it to lose its colonial empire in Latin America.Napoleon was eventually defeated.At the Congress of Vienna, many former rulers and borders were restored.

Was the French Revolution a Success?Slide10

Causes:

Influence

of Enlightenment ideas, American & French Revolutions.Grievances of Creoles (American-born Spaniards) as opposed to privileges of the Peninsulares (European born).Latin America experienced self rule during the Napoleonic era – afterwards, Spain attempts the re-impose the colonial systemSuccessful slave revolt in Haiti.Corrupt Spanish monarchy.

Spanish

restrictions to trade and manufacturing

Effects:

Independence

U.S

. determined to defend newly independent countries through enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine.Wars disrupt trade, devastates cities and countryside.Latin American Revolutions Causes and EffectsSlide11

Toussaint L’Ouverture

– led an uprising of African slaves in Haiti--- the first Latin American colony to achieve independence.Jose de San Martin – worked to liberate Argentina and Chile from Spanish rule.Simon Bolivar – a Creole aristocrat known as “the Liberator.” He defeated Spanish forces between 1819 and 1825, liberating Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.Miguel Hidalgo – a Catholic priest who began a rebellion against Spanish rule in Mexico in 1810, but the uprising failed. Mexico later achieved its independence in 1821.

Leaders of Latin American IndependenceSlide12

William WilberforceEnglish reformer and devout Christian.

Persuaded

Parliament to pass the Slave Trade Bill which banned the slave trade.Led the fight that eventually abolished slavery throughout the British Empire (1833).How were slavery and the slave trade banned within the British Empire?