into local receptor potentials Scala vestibuli Cochlear duct contains endolymph Scala tympani Perilymph Basilar membrane Cochlea Sound waves Helicotrema Stapes vibrating in oval window ID: 774681
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Slide1
The
Auditory Pathway
This graphic depicts the events in the stimulation of auditory receptors, from channeling sound waves into the external ear and onto the TM, to the transduction of those vibrations
into local
receptor
potentials
Slide2Scala
vestibuli
Cochlear duct
(contains endolymph)
Scalatympani
Perilymph
Basilarmembrane
Cochlea
Sound waves
Helicotrema
Stapes vibratingin oval window
Malleus
Incus
External auditorycanal
Tympanicmembrane
Secondary tympanicmembrane vibratingin round window
Auditory tube
Vestibular membrane
Middle ear
Tectorial membrane
Spiral organ(organ of Corti)
1
Scala
vestibuli
Cochlear duct
(contains endolymph)
Scala
tympani
Perilymph
Basilar
membrane
Cochlea
Sound waves
Helicotrema
Stapes vibrating
in oval window
Malleus
Incus
External auditory
canal
Tympanic
membrane
Secondary tympanic
membrane vibrating
in round window
Auditory tube
Vestibular membrane
Middle ear
Tectorial membrane
Spiral organ
(organ of Corti)
1
2
Scala
vestibuli
Cochlear duct
(contains endolymph)
Scala
tympani
Perilymph
Basilar
membrane
Cochlea
Sound waves
Helicotrema
Stapes vibrating
in oval window
Malleus
Incus
External auditory
canal
Tympanic
membrane
Secondary tympanic
membrane vibrating
in round window
Auditory tube
Vestibular membrane
Middle ear
Tectorial membrane
Spiral organ
(organ of Corti)
1
2
3
Scala
vestibuli
Cochlear duct
(contains endolymph)
Scala
tympani
Perilymph
Basilar
membrane
Cochlea
Sound waves
Helicotrema
Stapes vibrating
in oval window
Malleus
Incus
External auditory
canal
Tympanic
membrane
Secondary tympanic
membrane vibrating
in round window
Auditory tube
Vestibular membrane
Middle ear
Tectorial membrane
Spiral organ
(organ of Corti)
1
2
3
4
Scala
vestibuli
Cochlear duct
(contains endolymph)
Scala
tympani
Perilymph
Basilar
membrane
Cochlea
Sound waves
Helicotrema
Stapes vibrating
in oval window
Malleus
Incus
External auditory
canal
Tympanic
membrane
Secondary tympanic
membrane vibrating
in round window
Auditory tube
Vestibular membrane
Middle ear
Tectorial membrane
Spiral organ
(organ of Corti)
1
2
3
4
5
Scala
vestibuli
Cochlear duct
(contains endolymph)
Scala
tympani
Perilymph
Basilar
membrane
Cochlea
Sound waves
Helicotrema
Stapes vibrating
in oval window
Malleus
Incus
External auditory
canal
Tympanic
membrane
Secondary tympanic
membrane vibrating
in round window
Auditory tube
Vestibular membrane
Middle ear
Tectorial membrane
Spiral organ
(organ of Corti)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Scala
vestibuli
Cochlear duct
(contains endolymph)
Scala
tympani
Perilymph
Basilar
membrane
Cochlea
Sound waves
Helicotrema
Stapes vibrating
in oval window
Malleus
Incus
External auditory
canal
Tympanic
membrane
Secondary tympanic
membrane vibrating
in round window
Auditory tube
Vestibular membrane
Middle ear
Tectorial membrane
Spiral organ
(organ of Corti)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Scala
vestibuli
Cochlear duct
(contains endolymph)
Scala
tympani
Perilymph
Basilar
membrane
Cochlea
Sound waves
Helicotrema
Stapes vibrating
in oval window
Malleus
Incus
External auditory
canal
Tympanic
membrane
Secondary tympanic
membrane vibrating
in round window
Auditory tube
Vestibular membrane
Middle ear
Tectorial membrane
Spiral organ
(organ of Corti)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8
Scala
vestibuli
Cochlear duct
(contains endolymph)
Scala
tympani
Perilymph
Basilar
membrane
Cochlea
Sound waves
Helicotrema
Stapes vibrating
in oval window
Malleus
Incus
External auditory
canal
Tympanic
membrane
Secondary tympanic
membrane vibrating
in round window
Auditory tube
Vestibular membrane
Middle ear
Tectorial membrane
Spiral organ
(organ of Corti)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8
9
Slide3The Auditory Pathway
The cell bodies of the sensory neurons are located in the
spiral ganglia.
Nerve impulses pass along the axons of these neurons, which
form the cochlear
branch of the
vestibulo-
cochlear (VIII)
nerve
Slide4The Auditory Pathway
The nerve impulses follow CN VIII en route to the medulla, pons, midbrain, and thalamus, and finally to the primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe. Slight differences in the timing of nerve
impulses arriving from the
two ears at the superior
olivary nuclei in the
pons allow us to
locate the source
of a sound
Slide5Equilibrium
Equilibrium is another function of the inner ear - controlled by the
vestibular apparatus
(the saccule and utricle of the vestibule, and the 3 semicircular canals)
Static equilibrium
refers to a
state of balance relative to
the force of gravity
Dynamic equilibrium
involves the maintenance
of balance during sudden movements
Slide6Static Equilibrium
Static equilibrium is controlled by the
sensory hairs within the macula of the utricle and saccule
Slide7The Inner Ear
Movements of the hair cells in contact with the tectorial membrane
transduce mechanical vibrations
into electrical signals which generate nerve impulses along the cochlear branch of CN VIII
Slide8Static Equilibrium
An
otolithic membrane,
studded with dense calcium carbonate crystals (otoliths), responds to gravity when head position is changed
This movement opens
transduction channels
in the hair cells,
producing local potentials
which summate to
form nerve AP