THE Elizabethan Era History of the renaissance - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

THE Elizabethan EraSlide2

History of the renaissanceSlide3

Influenced by Ancient Greece and Rome

Renaissance means “rebirth”

14th to 17th centurySurge of interest in classical learning and valuesPeriod of enlightenment- a new Golden AgeTime of discovery, exploration, and interest in the artsRise of the Merchant Class- beginning of the Middle ClassDecline in the Feudal economic system and birth of CapitalismRise of Modern ThinkingPhilosophy of Humanism born- prime importance is Man rather than supernatural or divine

Rebirth of classical greek and roman ideasSlide4

Medieval Christian view: fate determined by God; natural phenomena proof of God’s wrath; church at the center of government

Belief that Man is good

Renaissance was a time between faith and reasonHumanists were the first modern thinkers, questioning established ideas similar to Greek and Roman philosophersModern view: fate determined by man; science explains natural phenomena; separation of church and stateHumanismSlide5

Like Chaucer, writers continued to write in the vernacular rather than Latin

Witty, bawdy writing continued

Used satire to criticize the ideals of the church and of ignoranceMoved away from religious themes to explore ideas based on reason, as well as the supernaturalChallenged established beliefsFamous writers include: Miguel de Cervantes, Don QuixoteWilliam ShakespeareDante Alighieri, The Divine ComedyNiccolo Machiavelli: The Prince

Renaissance literatureSlide6

INFLUENTIAL PEOPLE OF THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENTSlide7

Known as a true Renaissance Man

Leading artist, inventor, and intellectual

His interest and expertise in science highly influenced his artBest known works include the Mona Lisa and The Last SupperDrew sketches of inventions such as the helicopter and calculatorMost famous drawing, Vitruvian Man, is a study in the proportions of the human body, linking science and art which has come to embody humanismLeonardo da

vinciSlide8

Ponce de Leon

Founded the oldest settlement in Puerto Rico while searching for the fountain of youth

Sir Francis DrakeEnglish sea captain who helped to defeat the Spanish ArmadaSir Walter RaleighBritish explorer who established the first colony in VirginiaThe ExplorersSlide9

Italian mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher

Challenged many of the ideas of the church with scientific observations

Excommunicated from the church for stating that the Earth revolved around the SunGalileo GalileiSlide10

Argued that power within the church should be more evenly distributed rather than left in the hands of a few

Call to purify the church

The Bible- rather than tradition- should be source of spiritual authorityUsed the printing press to gain a larger audience by translating Bible into GermanBirth of the Lutheran churchMartin LutherSlide11

Johannes Gutenberg

German inventor who developed method of movable type used to create books, the printing press

Made the first printed copy of one of the Western world’s most important books, The BibleGrowing economic prosperity made it possible for people of lower classes to buy booksAllowed common people– not just the papacy– to read religious textsLed to an increase in literacy Slide12

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

Born on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon, England

Father was an ale-taster; married aristocratic farmer’s daughter, Mary ArdenMarried Anne Hathaway, who was 3 months pregnant Had a daughter Susanna and twins Hamnet and Judith (Hamnet died at age 11)Invented many words and phrases we use today; most quoted author, second only to the BibleWrote 37 plays before retiring to Stratford wealthy and respectedDied on April 23, 1616. In his will, he left his wife “the second best bed, with the furniture.”Slide13

The

tudor

dyanstySlide14

King Henry VIII (1491-1547) came to power after his brother’s death. He married his brother’s widow, Catherine of Aragon, who gave birth to Mary Tudor. When she turned 40, Henry attempted to divorce her since she wouldn’t give him a son, was denied a divorce by the pope, and so became head of the Church of England.

This allowed the church to be under England’s rule

– not Rome’s. King Henry had many put to death who were a part of the Catholic uprising, helping to establish the Church of England. He married one of his mistresses, Anne Boleyn, who gave birth to Elizabeth Tudor. After two miscarriages, Anne was beheaded on the orders of her husband, based on false charges of conspiracy and adultery. He also had three men killed in connection to her “adultery”. He married his third wife, Jane Seymor, 24 hours after Anne’s death. Jane died 12 days after delivering Edward Tudor. Although their marriage was short, he considered her to be his one true wife.He married 3 more times before his death, at which time the eleven year-old Edward became king.

KING HENRY VIIISlide15

Son of Henry VIII and Jane

Seymor

Crowned at age 9Reign marked by economic problems and social unrestProtestantism first established under his reignDied of tuberculosis at age 15Edward VISlide16

Elizabeth’s half-sister who ruled England for a time

Daughter of King Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon

After her brother’s death, worked to bring back the Catholic ChurchAt 37, she knew that if she had no children, the throne would pass to her sister, so she sent Elizabeth to the Tower of London as prisoner.Notorious for her executions of Protestants-- over 300 people burned at the stake for herecySister Elizabeth became queen after her deathMary tudor, “Bloody mary

”Slide17

Brought Protestant religion back to forefront in English society

“Virgin Queen”--

Never marriedUsed her femininity to gain and maintain power; courtiers became rich during her reignWell-educated in mathematics, history, geography, and astronomy. She also spoke Greek, French, Italian, and Latin.Beat the Spanish Armada, establishing England as the greatest world powerUshered in a time of peace as well as a surge in the arts, particularly the theatre Although many of his plays were written after her death, she did enjoy both The Merry Wives of Windsor and Love’s Labor’s Lost.

Queen Elizabeth iSlide18

Granddaughter of Henry’s sister, Margaret Tudor, making her Elizabeth’s cousin

Ruled over Scotland

Known for her physical beauty and kind heartLacked political skill and married poorlyFled to Queen Elizabeth for helpQueen Elizabeth was seen as illegitimate to Catholics; fearing an overthrow, she locked her in a towerHeld captive for nineteen years until her death at age 44Mary Stuart, Queen of scotsSlide19

James I

Crowned King James VI of Scotland at age 1, after mother was forced to abdicate throne

First king to rule Scotland, as well as England and Ireland Considered one of the most intellectual and learned individuals to sit on the English or Scottish throne– wrote several booksAuthorized the production of the King James BibleEnded the long-running war with SpainA theatre aficionado, became patron for Shakespeare’s company, who changed their name to The King’s MenMacbeth written as a tribute to the kingPlay set in ScotlandComplimentary references: “two-fold balls (King of Scotland and England) and treble scepters (Scotland, England, & Ireland)”Reference to the Gunpowder Plot, in which Catholics conspired to kill JamesThe king, along with many of the day, was a firm believer in the supernatural

– as seen in the foreboding weird sistersSlide20

Elizabethan

cultureSlide21

Fist mechanical clock invented in the 1300s; Galileo discovered the pendulum in 1581

Glasses

Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1456Allowed more people to read and led to an increase in literacyFlush toilet got rid of sewage in the streetsSubmarine: developed by Leonardo da VinciWhat were some inventions of the time?Slide22

The Feudal SystemSlide23

Clothing styles

Clothing varied with station

Laborers: practical; used linenUpper classes: the higher the station, the more elaborate; velvets, silks, brocadeDistortion of figureTight bodice (corset)Full skirt (bum rolls & farthingales)Exposed neckline excessive embellishments large sleeveselaborate hair stylesSlide24

People of all stations would attend the theatre

Popular sports included a kind of baseball, fencing, and hunting

Bear baiting very popular- tethered by neck or leg and attacked by dogsLife tied to the changing seasonsIntelligent and handsome young men were courtiers for Queen Elizabeth IElizabethan lifeSlide25

Witches and witchcraft

Unexplained occurrences blamed on witches

They could flyOld crone or hagElizabethans believed that the devil could enter your body when you opened your mouth to sneeze- “God Bless You” wards off evilUnlucky for a black cat to cross your path because of their association with witchesWalking under a ladder considered unlucky due to association with gallows and executionsKnock on wood for good luck- dates back to the Celts when it was believed that trees possessed magical powersELIZABETHAN SUPERSTITIONSSlide26

Elizabethan theatreSlide27

Greek

tragedies, comedies, and historical playsPlays with a religious themePerformed on the streets, courtyard of inns and roadsides.Because actors didn’t have time to memorize script, they used “cue acting” James Burbage constructed The Theatre in 1576 to capitalize on profitsThe Curtain opened 1577 ;The Rose in 1586; The Globe in 1599In 1593, theatres had to shutdown due to an outbreak of the Bubonic Plague origins of Elizabethan theatreSlide28

Elizabethan theatre

T

heaters built outside cities to avoid trouble with local authorities concerning moral reasons, as well as danger of spreading Plague.Usually lasted 2 hours and could only be held during the day and during good weather (open air theaters and no lights).Admission was one penny for the “pit” and one shilling (12 pennies) for the balcony.

Peasants in the pit– called groundlings-- would eat, drink

, brawl, and

watch the

play.

Gentlepeople

sat in the balcony.

An inn meal cost 5 pennies; new shoes cost a shilling.

All parts were played by

men; female

roles

were

played by boys. Actresses were not allowed by law

.

There was little or no scenery, so the audience had to use its imagination

.Slide29

The globe theatre

Built in 1597

King James was official patron of Shakespeare’s company- called The King’s MenShakespeare’s theatreCompetition so fierce that actors would be sent to plays to take notes and copy performancesNo copyright lawsCanon used for special effects caused fire in 1613; rebuilt following yearPuritans suppressed plays in 1642 and demolished the Globe