Treaty Controversy USHC 55 Analyze the United States rejection of internationalism including postwar disillusionment the Senates refusal to ratify the Versailles Treaty the election of 1920 and the role of the United States in international affairs in the 1920s ID: 596145
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Slide1
The Versailles
Treaty ControversySlide2
USHC 5.5
Analyze the United States rejection of internationalism, including postwar disillusionment, the Senate’s refusal to ratify the Versailles Treaty, the election of 1920, and the role of the United States in international affairs in the 1920s.Slide3Slide4
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
14
PRINCIPLES:
Freedom of the Seas
Reduction of Arms
Open Treaty Negotiations
Self Determination
of Peoples
League of NationsSlide5
USS
George Washington
IronySlide6
PEACE
Without
VictorySlide7
More InfoSlide8
Paris Peace Conference
“The Conference was an affair of three sides – the victors, the vanquished, and Wilson.” -- Richard HofstadterSlide9
David
Lloyd George
(British Prime Minister)
“I was seated between Jesus Christ and Napoleon.”Slide10Slide11
Article 231
Britain and France wanted Germany to
claim responsibility for
the war and pay
reparations
to the allies.
The
“War Guilt” ClauseSlide12
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
PRINCIPLES:Freedom of the Seas
Reduction of Arms
Open Treaty Negotiations
Self Determination
of Peoples
League of Nations
14Slide13
HOW
14
231
can the two ideas
be reconciled???Slide14
EASY!!!
14
231
JUST USE BOTH!Slide15
LINK TO MAPSSlide16
LINK TO MAPSSlide17
LINK TO MAPSSlide18
LINK TO MAPSSlide19
Proclamation
of the German Empire 18 January 1871Slide20
Signing
of the Treaty of VersaillesJune 28, 1919
Five years to the day of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Look Familiar???Slide21
Now, for the hard part…
USS George WashingtonSlide22Slide23
Ratifying Treaties
“[The President] shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur....” -- Article II, Section 2Slide24
2/3
The Senate vote necessary to ratify a treatySlide25
0
The number of senators included in Wilson’s peace delegation to Europe.Slide26
The U.S. Senate
1910-1920Slide27
The U.S. Senate
1910-1920Republican MajoritySlide28
The League of Nations
An Entangling Alliance???Slide29
Article Xof the League Covenant
The Members of the League undertake to respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all Members of the League. In case of any such aggression or in case of any threat or danger of such aggression the Council shall advise upon the means by which this
obligation
shall be fulfilled. Slide30Slide31
Three Views of the Treaty
InternationalistsRatify the TreatyAS IS
Reservationists
Ratify
the Treaty
with Reservations
Irreconcilables
DON’T RATIFY
the TreatySlide32
SOVEREIGNTYSlide33
“What is the result of all this? We are in the midst of all the affairs of Europe… We have joined in alliance with all the European nations… we have
forfeited… the great policy of 'no entangling alliances' upon which the strength of this Republic has been founded.”
Sen. William
Borah (R-ID)
IrreconcilableSlide34
Reservationists
(Imperialist Wing)America should engage the world on its own terms.
Irreconcilables
(Isolationist Wing)
America should avoid all foreign entanglements. Slide35
The Lodge Reservations
14Stipulations
Sen. Henry Cabot
Lodge (R-MA)
ViewSlide36
Wilson’s
DilemmaCompromise with Reservationists or stand his ground?Slide37
EUROPE
TO US:
Reservations
OK!Slide38
“The Senate must take its medicine.”
-- Woodrow WilsonSlide39
Speaking
TourPresident Wilson waves to a crowd in Saint Louis, Missouri, on September 6, 1919, during a speaking tour to promote the League of Nations.Slide40
Wilson’s Route
Political Calculation
Image Source:
NPS.govSlide41
STROKE!
Wilson suffered a stroke brought on by the stress of his campaign for the League.
He was an invalid for the remainder of his term.
(The public had no clue.)
Woodrow Wilson's first posed photograph after his stroke. He was paralyzed on his left side, so his wife Edith holds a document steady while he signs. June 1920.Slide42
Review: The Treaty Factions
InternationalistsRatify the TreatyAS IS
Reservationists
Ratify
the Treaty
with Reservations
Irreconcilables
DON’T RATIFY
the TreatySlide43
Where is
THIS GUY
when we need him?
Answer: DeadSlide44
A “Solemn Referendum”
1920 BIGGER Republican MajoritySlide45
League Membership
The United States never joined the League. Wilson’s mission to intimately involve the U.S. in global affairs was a failure.
1920-
1946
Map Credit:
Maps &
LucySlide46
I went to Versailles
and all I got was
this lousy
peace prize.
1919Slide47