Map 255 Europe in 1919 Treaty of Versailles Used Wilsons 14 Points Big 3 Italy Big Four Did not agree on goals for the peace talks The Big Four Woodrow Wilson USA David LloydGeorge Great Britain ID: 536145
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Treaty of Versailles" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Treaty of VersaillesSlide2
Map 25.5: Europe in 1919Slide3
Treaty of Versailles
Used Wilson’s 14 Points
Big 3 + Italy (Big Four)
Did not agree on goals for the peace talksSlide4
The Big Four
Woodrow Wilson USA
David Lloyd-George Great Britain
Georges Clemenceau France
Vittorio Orlando ItalySlide5
Allied Attitudes
France
George Clemenceau
Great Britain
Lloyd George
America
Woodrow Wilson
Make Germany pay!
Make it so Germany can never do this again
Revenge
Similar to the French
But…
Worried that too harsh a treaty might create problems in the future
Put forward the 14 Points designed to establish a lasting peace in EuropeSlide6
Treaty of Versailles
Address underlying causes of the war
Open covenants (treaties)
Freedom of the seas
Tariffs/trade barriers
Arms build up
Colonial PoliciesSlide7
Treaty of Versailles
Used Wilson’s 14 Points
Germany saw hope – the settlement would not be vindictive
Clemenceau – “Wilson bores me with his Fourteen Points. Why the good lord himself has only ten.”Slide8
Versailles Treaty
Established 9 new Nations
Shifted boundaries of others
Demilitarized Germany
Not too weak, not too strong
Reparations - $33 billion
War-guilt clause
Created the League of NationsSlide9
Europe 2008Slide10
14 Points
Point 14
League of Nations
Mutual defense
Resolution of disagreementsSlide11
Treaty of Versailles
Germany had to
Demilitarize Rhineland
Saar basin to France - 15 yrs (coal)
Pay reparations - $33 billion
Return conquered lands
Reduce its military to 100,000 men
6 battleships/ no submarines
No air force
Demilitarize western Germany
War guilt clauseSign or face invasion --“Diktat”Slide12
"The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts, the
responsibility of Germany and her Allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associate Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of a war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her Allies."
Article 231
The War Guilt Clause
GERMANY ACCEPTED RESPONSIBILITY FOR STARTING THE WARSlide13
Weaknesses
Germany
Humiliated
Reparations – economic depression
Lost territory
Alienated Russia
Lost territory
Not included in negotiations
Ignored claims by colonized people for self-determinationSlide14
How did Germans React to the Treaty?
Germans thought the Treaty was a
“diktat” : a dictated peace
. They had not been invited to the peace conference at Versailles and when the Treaty was presented to them they were threatened with war if they did not sign it.
The Treaty was
NOT based on Wilson’s Fourteen Points
as the Germans had been promised it would.
Most Germans believed that the
War Guilt Clause was
unjustified
. The French and British had done just as much to start the war
The
loss of territory and population
angered most Germans who believed that the losses were too severe.
Many Germans believed the
German economy would be crippled
by having to pay reparations.Slide15
Treaty of Versailles
The Kaiser’s government had been replaced and many believed that the new democratic government was being made to bear too much of a burden.
Could it survive?