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1 Connect with us: S&C Electric Company100
Connect with us: S&C Electric Company100-T128Chris Watts is S&C Electric Company’s Director of Regulato-ry Affairs, where he is responsible for the Regulatory team’s work tracking and analyzing trends in electricity policy. experience. He joined S&C from the British energy regulator, gem’s Interruption Incentive Scheme and its RIIO price-con-and implemented Ofgem’s approach to cost assessment and University, focusing on energy network regulation. Chris McCarthy is S&C Electric Company’s Vice President and sales training. He previously served as S&C’s Managing ity and ef ciency of the electricity grid. Earlier, Chris was S&C’s Director–Grid Automation and Control, where he was all of S&C’s automation offerings, including the award-win-IntelliTeam® Automatic Restoration System. Chris received the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana; a master’s technic Institute in Troy, New York; and a master’s degree in tric Company, with 20 years of energy policy experience. for an international  rm, an energy policy specialist for the Agency. Brian holds a master’s degree in Public Policy from American University and is a Certi ed Energy Manager. He is 9 this trend. To address this and to get a more complete utility investment appropriately, it is important to look customer-centric measures, such as CEMSMI, CEMI, S&C Support For Clientspolicy. This team has worked with utilities on could affect your planning, S&C’s regulatory team is \r\f\f\f\n\t\b\f

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  Figure 8. S&C’S interpretation and illustration of key reliability metricsincluding distribution-level stability concerns. The Performance For Different Types systemwide indices. However, the typical average reliability metrics don’t shed much light on reliability aren’t seeing an improvement in reliability. S&C’s 2020 the grid or on a peer-to-peer basis to other users. New unplanned interruptions on these types of customer, such as measuring the DG Average Interruption Frequency or DG Average Interruption Duration, of customer, including residential, C&I, and DG.What Will Come Next?stability, but this seems a plausible evolution in the system stability, as shown in Figure 6. Typical C&I customers’ outage duration.Base: Comparable groups for 2018, 2019, and 2020 State of Commercial and Industrial Reliability reports (same industry and company size representation)Question: What was the duration of the typical power outage that you experienced in the past 12 months?Figure 7.C&I customer expectations for power reliability in the next Question: How do you anticipate the

3 state of power reliability to change in
state of power reliability to change in the next two to three years? Select one answer only. R.Schueberger,R.ArnoandN.Dowling,WhyExis�ngU�lityMetricsDoNotWorkforIndustrialReliabilityAnalysis. StateofCommercialandIndustrialReliabilityReport,S&CElectricCompanyandFrostandSullivan,March2,2020       \n\t\b\r\t\n \r\t
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\f\f\r  ­   7 – because all outages matter, regardless of duration investments where it matters most. To date, we’ve Mountain Power (Pacicorp) in Idaho and Avista in Washington State.increase. CAIDI is not a good customer-centric metric. However, IEEE 1366-2012customers that experience more than a certain number of interruptions a year, including both momentaries 

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 Figure 5. S&C’s interpretation and illustration of key reliability metricsheading toward all outages matter. 1366-2012IEEEGuideforElectricPowerDistribu�onReliabilityIndices Britain and Scandinavia. The British Energy Regulator, Inspectorate and the Finnish Energy regulator, Figure 4 shows S&C’s interpretation of how regulators and utilities are moving toward more customer-centric However, this is not yet a widespread regulatory 10 DelawareAdministra�veCode:Title26:3007:ElectricServiceReliabilityandQualityStandards,h�ps://regula�ons.delaware.gov/AdminCode/�tle26/3000/3007.shtml RegulatoryInstruc�onsandGuidanceforRIIO-ED1,OfgemApril292020,h�ps://www.ofgem.gov.uk/publica�ons-and-updates/d

5 irec�on-make-modi�
irec�on-make-modi�ca�ons-regulatory-instruc�ons-and-guidance-rigs-riio-ed1-version-6012 C.J.Wallnerström,E.Grahn,G.Wigenborgetal,TheRegula�onofElectricityNetworkTari�sinSwedenfrom2016,SwedishEnergyMarketsInspectorate,2016,h�ps://ei.se/Documents/Nyheter/Nyheter%202016/Ar�kel%20Ei%20�ll%20SAEE2016%20�nal%20version.pdf13 FinnishCompe��onandConsumerAuthority,h�ps://www.kkv.�/en/facts-and-advice/defects-and-delays/power-cuts/ \r\f\f\f\n\t\b\f\f\n  \r
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 Figure 4. S&C’s interpretation and illustration of key reliability metricsevolution toward customer-centric metrics. FPLannualreliability�lingtotheFloridaPSC,p.84,h&#x

6 00740074;p://www.�oridapsc.co
00740074;p://www.�oridapsc.com/Files/PDF/U�li�es/Electricgas/Distribu�onReliabilityReports/2019/2019%20Florida%20Power%20and%20Light%20Company%20Distribu�on%20Reliability%20Report.pdf#search=FPL%20distribu�on%20reliability%20report 5 Table 1dened number of sustained interruptions in a year.More Customer-Centric Metrics Provide A More Complete Picture Of Reliability utility’s whole distribution grid. The inclusion of more customer-centric metrics as part of a suite of reporting Figure 3. S&C’s interpretation and illustration of key reliability metrics \r\f\f\f\n\t\b\f\f\n \r\f \r
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 STATECEMI REPORTINGCalifor

7 niaRequirement to report CEMI-12Connecti
niaRequirement to report CEMI-12ConnecticutRequirement to report CEMI-3 to 10DelawareRequirement to report CEMI-8Requirement to report CEMI-8FloridaRequirement to report CEMI-5 for utilitie�s 50,000 customersMarylandRequirement to report CEMI-2, 4, 6, and 8MichiganDTE Energy Reporting CEMI-1 to 10New JerseyAtlantic City Electric reporting CEMI on a company and district basisNorth DakotaNorthern States Power reporting on CEMI-4 to 6WashingtonAvista reporting on CEMI-0 to 6Table 1. CEMI Reporting in the U.S. utility. While the average SAIDI from MV overhead Outage impacts will depend on the types of customer. For example, when residential customers lose power, and air conditioning back on right away. Factories are progress being scrapped. With complex machinery, of inventory if appropriate refrigeration can’t be maintained. Retailers and restaurants can’t process Delays in restoring power can cost businesses dearly. The local and customer-specic aspects of reliability mean it’s important to look beyond the average systemwide performance metrics focused on today, peer-to-peer services to other customers, if the grid isn’t available. Finally, the transportation sector is heading toward transportation sector.Network Reliability Is A Localized Problem With Localized Solutionspublished at a systemwide level, each customer’s Average systemwide performance measures can mask 5052035&#x=140;&#x 000;13515%10%150100SAIDI (minutes)Average SAIDI fromMV Overhead lines (OHL) = 453 times average SAIDIfrom MV OHL = 1358% of circuitsexperiencingmore than 3times the averageSAIDI from MV OHL 3 means there are new types of customer, such as reliability. Renewable generation makes up 19% of coming in the form of solar and wind power.Even after a 5 minute window, different types of recover quickly, within a few minutes. Others, however, may be subject to manual intervention Taken in scale (such as during a large storm wi

8 th We are also seeing a broader range of
th We are also seeing a broader range of exible While the Customer Average Interruption Duration as problematic as a measure of reliability. Brown . Brown falling], but CAIDI could be increasing.” Investment in technologies such as distribution automation or lateral protection can drive signicant improvements in both SAIFI and SAIDI and, therefore, improving the reliability experienced by customers, but if SAIFI falls more rapidly than SAIDI, CAIDI will still increase, giving the false impression of worsening performance. Otherwise, most developments in reliability metrics have focused on improvements in gathering data and in computing the metrics with relatively little change in the core metrics used. The key metrics are now typically calculated automatically with computerized Outage Management Systems (OMS) that remove the risk of manual errors that existed when these metrics were calculated from paper outage tickets. Also, an OMS includes reliability calculations for mid-line devices, which was an improvement over statistics that were largely substation-based.The Changing Energy Landscapemetrics used to assess distribution reliability, there energy resources. Technological and manufacturing (IT), consumer electronics, renewable energy, energy electricity.interruptions and power-quality issues. This impacts a RichardE.Brown,ElectricPowerDistribu�onReliability,CRCPress,2009 EIAAnnualEnergyOutlook2020,EIA,January2020,page62,h�ps://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/pdf/AEO2020%20Full%20Report.pdf 1547-2018IEEEStandardforInterconnec�onandInteroperabilityofDistributedEnergyResourceswithAssociatedElectricPowerSystemsInterfaces 2 major event days. Ironically, this is when To get a more complete picture of utilities’ reliability performance, it’s important to use existing metrics differently. Fortunately, History Of The Reliability of reliability, as shown in problems with system resilience.

9 Two individual outage basis and cumulat
Two individual outage basis and cumulatively. Recently, regulators in some areas have IEEE 1366-2012 sees introduction of new CELID-s and CELID-t metrics for customers experiencing long interruption durations (both individually and cumulatively). 196919471988Early 1970sLate 1980s19891998200120032000s2012Survey on distribution failure causes and failure rates by Edison Electrical Institute (EEI) and American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE now IEEE).Paper on designing distribution networks to specified levels of reliability using a metric similar to SAIFI.Utilities begin to compute indices from paper outage tickets. Most common metrics: SAIFI, SAIDI, and Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI), although others were also defined.Some large utilities develop their own individual outage-management systems (OMS) to calculate the outage metrics.U.S. and some international regulators start to take increased interest in distribution reliability.Formation of IEEE working group focusing on Distribution Reliability.First commercial Outage Management System (OMS) starts to be developed. First textbook on reliability metrics published defining SAIFI, SAIDI, and CAIDI.IEEE defines commonly used reliability metrics.IEEE 1366 first published, including definitions of key metrics and benchmark data. There were still wide variations in OMS usage.IEEE 1366 becomes an IEEE standard.Introduction of a method for classifying Major Event Days - 2.5 Beta Method.Mass adoption of PC-based OMS. Reporting on CEMI becomes much more common. OUTAGE TRACKING CUSTOMER-FOCUSED Mid 1980s Late 1970s BasedonTableinRichardE.Brown,ElectricPowerDistribu�onReliability,CRCPress,2009andaddi�onalresearch.ElectricalTransmissionandDistribu�onReferenceBook(formerlytheWes�nghouseElectricalTransmissionandDistribu�onReferenceBook),ABBPowerT&DCompany,Inc.,1997.R.L.Capra,M.W.Gangel,andS.V.Lyon,“UndergroundDi

10 stribu�onSystemDesignforRelia
stribu�onSystemDesignforReliability”,IEEETransac�onsonPowerApparatusandSystems,Vol.PAS-88,No.6,June1969,pp.834-842. R.BillingtonandR.Allan,ReliabilityAssessmentofLargeElectricPowerSystems.KluwerAcademicPublishers,1988. Introductionused reliability metrics, such as the System Average Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI), and the Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index the core metrics and how they are applied haven’t There are also new classes of customer, such as Executive Summary: Reliability matters to all stakeholders. While the most used metrics for reliability have changed relatively little since the 1970s, technology and customers’ use of electricity is evolving, placing ever-growing importance on electricity distribution reliability. There is often a disconnect between the average systemwide performance metrics, such as SAIFI, SAIDI, and MAIFI, and the performance experienced by individual customers. This piece lays out S&C’s conclusions that a broader suite of reliability metrics should be used, placing more weight on customer-centric metrics that include Customers Experiencing Long Interruption Durations (CELID), Customers Experiencing Multiple Interruptions (CEMI), and Customers Experiencing Multiple Momentaries (CEMM). There is also another underused metric that should get more focus: Customers Experiencing Multiple Sustained and Momentary Interruptions (CEMSMI). Looking to the future, as we transition toward an energy system with integration of much greater volumes of distributed generation and the electri cation of transportation, distribution system stability metrics will likely become useful.Moving Beyond AverageReliability Metrics ACSI Energy U� li� es Report 2018-2019, h� ps://www.theacsi.org/news-and-resources/customer-sa� sfac� on-reports/reports-2019/acsi-energy-u� li� es-report-201