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Race in America Race in America

Race in America - PowerPoint Presentation

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Race in America - PPT Presentation

Race in America   Laws of racial segregation directed against blacks Racism is the belief that the physical characteristics of a person or group determines their capabilities and that one group is naturally superior to other groups ID: 429199

cora white black blacks white cora blacks black yuh jim ethics whites crow

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Slide1

Race in AmericaSlide2

Race in America

 

Laws

of racial segregation

directed

against

blacks.

Racism is the belief that the physical characteristics of a person or group determines their capabilities and that one group is naturally superior to other groups.

Discrimination means one group enjoys an undeserved advantage over another group with the same capabilities.

Racism

has been a major factor of society in the United States throughout its

histo

ry

.Slide3

Race in America

Racism was prominent during the colonial period in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries when the North American colonies were a part of the worldwide British Empire.

Britons

had traditionally associated dark skin color with negative behavioral traits such as evil and filth.

Colonists

brought this prejudice with them to North America when they crossed the ocean to settle in the seventeenth century

.

Slavery ended in

1865.Slide4

Race in America

 

Passing

new laws enforcing racial segregation (separation of black people from whites) known as Jim Crow

laws.

B

eliefs

about the inferior nature of blacks were perpetuated throughout much of the twentieth century

.

D

iscriminatory

measures passed by state and local governments that sought to keep blacks at a lower social and economic position

.

B

lacks

could not buy houses in the same neighborhoods as

whites.

 "separate but equal"

principle.Slide5

Race in America

Blacks could not eat in the same restaurants, drink out of the same water fountains, watch movies in the same theaters, play in the same parks, or go to the same schools as whites.

Blacks

had to sit in the back of buses and streetcars and give up their seats to whites when instructed to do so.

Blacks

could not nurse whites in hospitals.

Signs

reading "Colored Only" or "White Only" could be seen everywhere.Slide6

Race in America

 

There

were certain unwritten social expectations. For example, a black man was not to shake hands with a white

man.

H

e

could not make eye-contact with a white woman or else he would be accused of highly inappropriate sexual advances.

When

speaking, blacks were expected to address whites as "Mr.," "Sir," or "Ma'am."Slide7

Race in AmericaSlide8

Race in America

Alabama governor George Wallace attempted to block the entrance of blacks at the University of Alabama

.Slide9

“The Ethics of Living Jim Crow”

Ethics:

Moral principles that govern a person's or group's behavior

.

My first lesson in how to live as a Negro came when I was quite small.

T

he

railroad

tracks. Lack of green.

Gangs.

When night fell, my mother came from the white folks' kitchen.

Punishment.

Never fight white folks.

“Each

time I closed my eyes I saw monstrous white faces suspended from the ceiling, leering at me

.” White houses = symbol of fear.Slide10

“The Ethics of Living Jim Crow”

Move to Mississippi –

heart of the

Black Belt.

B

lack

churches and black

preachers, black schools, black teachers,

black

groceries. “In

fact, everything was so solidly black that for a long time I did not even think of white

folks”.

Only jobs available in white neighborhoods.

Applying for a job.

“I

stood straight and neat before the boss, answering all his questions with sharp

yessirs

and

nosirs

. I was very careful to pronounce my sirs distinctly, in order that he might know that I was polite, that I knew where I was, and that I knew he was a white man

.”Slide11

“The Ethics of Living Jim Crow”

“Boy”.

Wants to learn new things on the job.

"

Whut

yuh

tryin

' t' do, nigger,

git

smart

?“

"Well, don't, if

yuh

know

whut's

good for

yuh

!"

"Say, are you crazy, you black bastard

?“

"Nigger, you think you're white, don't you?"

"This is a white man's work around here, and you better watch yourself!"

C

alled

a lazy black son-of-a-bitch.Slide12

“The Ethics of Living Jim Crow”

Call Pease or Mr. Pease? How to make him quit his job.

"Didn't

yuh

call '

im

Pease? If

yuh

say

yuh

didn't, I'll rip

yo

' gut string loose with this f--kin' bar,

yuh

black granny dodger!

Yuh

can't call a white man a lie 'n'

git

erway

with it, you black son-of-a-bitch!"

“When

I told the folks at home what had happened, they called me a fool. They told me that I must never again attempt to exceed my boundaries. When you are working for white folks, they said, you got to "stay in your place" if you want to keep working

.”Slide13

“The Ethics of Living Jim Crow”

Next job

in a clothing

store.

Beating up the black woman.

Woman gets arrested for drunkenness.

"Boy, that's what we do to niggers when they don't want to pay their bills

,“

Knows enough

to keep

his mouth

shut

.

Riding his bicycle home.

"Nigger,

yuh

sho

better be damn glad it

wuz

us

yuh

talked t'

tha

' way.

Yuh're

a lucky bastard, 'cause if

yuh'd

said

tha

' t' somebody else,

yuh

might've been a dead nigger now

."Slide14

“The Ethics of Living Jim Crow”

Blacks can’t be seen walking in white neighborhood.

Making deliveries:

"Boy, tell your boss not to send you out in white neighborhoods this time of night

.“

Next job as

hall-boy in a

hotel.

Bringing liquor to rooms with naked prostitutes: “

Your presence awoke in them no sense of shame, for you were not regarded as human.

Black boy forced to marry black girl pregnant by a white man.

Black boy castrated for sleeping with a white prostitute.

We were given to understand that the boy who had been castrated was a "mighty, mighty lucky bastard." Slide15

“The Ethics of Living Jim Crow”

Moves from Jackson to Memphis, works at optical factory.

Here my Jim Crow education assumed quite a different form. It was no longer brutally cruel, but subtly cruel. Here I learned to lie, to steal, to dissemble. I learned to play that dual role which every Negro must play if he wants to eat and live

.”

Getting books from the library. Negroes have no need for learning.

Roman Catholic

man and

felt a vague sympathy for Negroes, being himself an object of

hatred (by Protestants).

"Please let this nigger boy have the following books."Slide16

“The Ethics of Living Jim Crow”

How do Negroes feel about the way they have to live? How do they discuss it when alone among themselves? I think this question can be answered in a single sentence. A friend of mine who ran an elevator once told me:

"

Lawd

, man!

Ef

it

wuzn't

fer

them polices 'n' them of

lynchmobs

, there wouldn't be

nothin

' but uproar down here!"Slide17

“The Ethics of Living Jim Crow”

C

ruel

childhood lesson of learning how to live with the prejudice and discrimination

.

Whites view themselves as superior to blacks and thus act in ways to express their superiority. 

Captures

the dominant white attitude that imposed a low social status on blacks

.

The whites demanded respect from blacks and for the most part, blacks gave it to them. Slide18

“The Ethics of Living Jim Crow”

T

he

majority of blacks chose to accept the role made by whites for blacks

.

D

isplays

the majority of blacks, including his mother, as submissive to whites.Slide19

"Cora Unashamed"

“Melton

was one of those miserable in-between little places, not large enough to be a town,

nor small

enough to be a village -- that is, a village in the rural, charming sense of the

world. Melton

had no charm about it. It was merely a nondescript collection of houses and buildings

in a

region of farms -- one of those sad American places with sidewalks, but no paved

streets; electric

lights, but no sewage; a station, but no trains that stopped, save a jerky local,

morning and

evening

.”Slide20

"Cora Unashamed"

Cora Jenkins

is 40 years old, was

what the people

referred to

when they wanted to be polite, as a Negress, and when they wanted to be rude, as a

nigger --

sometimes adding the word "wench" for no good

reason.

She worked

for the

Studevants

, who treated her like a dog.

M

aid

of all work -- washing, ironing, cooking, scrubbing, taking

care of

kids, nursing old folks, making fires, carrying

water, giving the dog a bath.

She

stood it. Had to stand it; or work for

poorer white

folks who would treat her worse; or go jobless

.Slide21

"Cora Unashamed"

The

Studevants

thought they owned her, and they were perfectly right: they did.

There was something

about the teeth in the trap of economic circumstance that kept her in their

power practically

all her

life.

How

did the

trap

close

so tightly

?

Poor family.

Oldest of 8 children. She raised them all. All gone now.

Father alcoholic, collects junk.

Mother sick.Slide22

"Cora Unashamed"

She wore

the

Studevants

' old clothes, and ate the

Studevants

‘ leftover food.

One by one, the girls

left,

mostly in disgrace

. There

was something about the cream-and-tan Jenkins

girls that

attracted the white farm hands

.

Cora

had a lover

once, a foreigner.

He was the first man and the last she ever

remembered wanting

. She had never known a colored lover. There weren't any around. Slide23

"Cora Unashamed"

“Love

didn't take long -- Cora with

the scent

of the

Studevants

' supper about her, and a cheap perfume. Joe, big and strong

and careless

as the horses he took care of, smelling like the stable

.”

Cora

gets pregnant. Not

tried to hide it.

S

he

didn't feel that it was a

disgrace.

Cora was humble and shameless before the fact of the child. There were no Negroes in

Melton to

gossip, and she didn't care what the white people said.Slide24

"Cora Unashamed"

About that time, Mrs. Art

Studevant

had a child, too,

Jessie, and

Cora

nursed

it

.

Cora’s child dies.

She cussed out God for taking away the life that she herself had given. She screamed, "

My baby

! God damn it! My baby! I bear her and you take her away

!“

All through the ugly town Cora wept

and cursed

, using all the bad words she had learned from Pa in his drunkenness.Slide25

"Cora Unashamed"

The years passed

.

Jessie graduates from high-school.

Jessie almost like an adopted daughter to Cora.

Her mother was always a little ashamed of stupid

Jessie.

She remained

a plump, dull, freckled girl, placid and strange. Everybody found fault with her

but Cora.

Nowhere in Melton, nor with anyone, did Jessie feel so comfortable as with Cora

in the

kitchen.Slide26

"Cora Unashamed"

Jessie gets pregnant. Father

is Willie

Matsoulos

, whose folks

runs an ice-cream stand.

Crying and praying followed all over the

house.

Scandalization

! Oh, my Lord! Jessie was in trouble

.

Mrs. Art had ambitions which didn't include the likes of Greek ice-cream

makers‘ sons.

Jessie is secretly made to have an abortion.

Cora's face went dark. She bit her lips to keep from cursing

.

Jessie gets sick and dies

.Slide27

"Cora Unashamed"

She

never saw the Greek boy any more. Indeed, his father lost his license, "due to

several complaints

by the mothers of children, backed by the

Woman's

Club," that he was

selling tainted

ice-cream

.

Jessie’s funeral. All normal, except

that Cora was there

.

"They killed you! And for

nothin

'... They killed your child... They took you

away from

here in the Springtime of your life, and now

you'se

gone, gone,

gone! They

preaches you a pretty sermon and they don't say

nothin

'. They sings

you a

song, and they don't say

nothin

'. But Cora's here, honey, and she's gone tell '

em

what

they done

to you. She's

gonna

tell '

em

why they took you to Kansas City

. They

killed you, honey. They killed you and your child. I told

'

em

you

loved it, but they didn't care. They killed it before it was... "