Main events of The big battles that we won cannot be reversed We were young selfrighteous reckless hypocritical brave silly headstrong and scared half to death And we were right What were these battles ID: 559951
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "The sixties" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
The sixties
Main events of Slide2
The big battles that we won cannot be reversed. We were young, self-righteous, reckless, hypocritical, brave, silly, headstrong and scared half to death.
And we were right.Slide3
What were these battles?We will examine the events of the decade first.
But before we do, does anyone know already some of the fights that were won in the 60’s?Slide4
politics
What was big in
What is the atmosphere like?
How is the economy doing?
What do people remember today?Slide5
Domino Theory
The US thought once somebody fell to Communism, everybody else would too!
This will inform MANY decisions in the 1960’s, from CIA operations to clothing choices.
China is shown here as 1
st
. Mao Zedong will strengthen his country’s Communist ties in 1966. Slide6
Television Debates
Richard Nixon or…
John F. Kennedy?Slide7
Television Debates
Richard Nixon or…
John F. Kennedy?
The first
televised debates
took place in 1960.
Nixon would have won if not for these debates, but JFK was more popular for this specific reason.Slide8
Presidents of the 1960’s
John F. Kennedy (1961-63)
Important accomplishments
Catholic
Youngest elected president
Bay of Pigs Invasion (April 1961)
Afraid of Castro’s communism and his ties with the Soviet Union, we tried to aid a coup with a CIA operation. This is a complete failure.
Mercury, Gemini, Apollo Projects (May 1961)
Always in a race with the Soviet Union, JFK makes it a priority to land a man safely on the moon and deliver him home. Space Race is on!
Peace Corps (September 1961)
JFK wanted young American people to be a presence around the world.Slide9
The toughest job you’ll ever love.
Their unofficial slogan (above) clues you in to what kind of work you would do in the Peace Corps.
Talk to your neighbor:
Why is the Peace Corps so tough?What would make it so I would actually
love it?Would I sign up?Slide10
John F. Kennedy, cont.
The Cold War continues and Soviet leader (Khruschev) accepts Cuba’s request to place nuclear missiles in Cuba.
This is in October 1962 and for 13 days the world watches (on TV!) as JFK navigates this crisis.
Publicly, the US agrees to not invade Cuba.
That is, without direct provocation.
The Soviet Union dismantles their missiles.Slide11
Presidents of the 1960’s
Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-68)
Important accomplishments
Takes office after Kennedy’s assassination
Vietnam War
While advisory troops tripled under JFK, people remember that under LBJ we enter the war full force.
Great Society
Amidst a GREAT economic boom, LBJ starts a great many social programs.
Richard M. Nixon (1969-74)
Wins against Hubert Humphrey
Important accomplishments
In 1969, the Space Race will conclude with Apollo 11.
Vietnamization
Would start de-escalating US forces
Many of his other accomplishments will be revisited in the 70’s.Slide12
Vietnam War
The problem
What could happen?
North Vietnam goes communist!
The Soviet Union is allied with North Vietnam.
The Soviet Union might have a better space program than us.
South Vietnam is not communist (yet), but the US is scared it will be.
The Soviet Union could be better than us. At space AND making things communist.
Are they secretly COMMUNIST?Slide13
Vietnam War
US Involvement
The public’s view
At first, just advisory forces.
Just before JFK’s assassination, we had 16,000 in Vietnam.
Up from 900 in 1960.
LBJ would increase our involvement by the end of 1965 to 200,000.
Nixon would
begin
de-escalation in 1969.
Would initially support getting involved.
As the war went along, public support dwindles.
http://tinyurl.com/mg7sr9t
Because they are TIRED of
failure (Korean War)
in far-away Asian wars (Korean War)
watching it on TV!Slide14
Vietnam War
Major Events
Tet Offensive (Jan 1968)
The Viet Cong (N. Vietnam) staged an attack during a (normally) peaceful holiday.
We rallied and won!
My Lai massacre (1968)
Citizens were massacred by US forces. BAD for our image at home and abroad.Slide15
Events around the world
Berlin Wall goes up
Arab/Israeli crisis continues
As a result of the division between West and East Germany, a concrete barrier wall goes up, dividing Berlin in August 1961.
It will not fall until 1989.
The Arab leaders meet and decide that there should be no
recognition
, no
peace
and no
negotiations
with Israel; the three no’sSlide16
Crime at Home
Crime doubles during the 1960’s, never to return to pre1960’s levels, across the nation.Slide17
Civil rights
What happened withSlide18
We didn't end racism but we ended legal segregation.
Start at 1:45Slide19
Greensboro, NC Sit-Ins (Feb 1960)
Not the first sit in, (1939 is the first, in VA) but helped the idea to spread.
The men sat at the lunch counter until close, while being asked to leave.
The next day, their number quadrupled.
This continues, with the protest spreading to nearby stores.
They were successful in that the lunch counter was de-segregated in July and that many other cities had protests.Slide20
I have a dream.
250,000 Americans participate in The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in August 1963.
MLK would give his famous,
I have a dream
speech which would call for an end to racism.Slide21
This leads to the Civil Rights Act of 1964
LBJ passes this legislation which ends racial discrimination, especially in employment.
Also, locations like libraries and parks would begin to desegregate.Slide22
This does not solve racism or even segregation, but it is a step.Slide23
No more literacy for voting tests!
It would also lead to other marches (Selma, Montgomery) which lead to the
Voting Rights Act of 1965
.It would be expanded several times, but importantly is ends many ‘Jim Crow laws’ which impeded voting.Slide24
Malcolm X
At the same time (early 1960’s), he (Malik el-Shabazz) would advance the blacks’ cause by ‘any means necessary’.
He also believed in keeping blacks and whites separate, noting that whites are ‘the devil’ and blacks are superior to whites.
Before his assassination in 1965, he left the Nation of Islam.
He was a very powerful figure.Slide25
Later in the decade
Black Panthers
MLK is assassinated
This political party is established in 1966.
Their beliefs run along the same lines as Malcolm X’s.
Starting in Oakland, CA, they would trail police, recording them in case of police brutality.
April 4
th
1968 by James Earl Ray.
Riots would follow his assassination, which lead to LBJ signing into law the Fair Housing Act.
This would enable the government to follow through on discrimination.Slide26
Civil Rights
Much is accomplished, and many will tell you, much is left to do.
Equality for other groups will follow (in the law)
Blacks will continue to champion for their rights. Do they today?Slide27
science
What was big inSlide28
We made the environment an issue that couldn't be avoided.
Rachel Carson would help this cause.Slide29
Silent Spring
Think of all the sounds in nature that surround a spring. Now think of all the sounds GONE.
Rachel Carson, a well-known conservationist writes this book to warn what DDT can do in 1962.
The EPA will be founded in 1970 because of her impact on the environmentalism movement.Slide30
Space Race
JFK will
give this speech
in May 1961:
"I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth.“
Now NASA is defunded but then, they invested a lot in it.
Neil Armstrong did become the first man to walk on the moon in July 1969, with his crew of Michael Collins and Buzz
Aldrin
.Slide31
First Heart Transplant
Norman Shumway would develop to procedures needed for the first transplant.
He operates on the first in the US in January of 1968.
While his first patient dies from double pneumonia, the technique advances and 3,500 are performed every year.Slide32
Film
What was big inSlide33
Alfred Hitchcock
Psycho (1960)
The Birds (1963)Slide34
First James Bond films, with Sean Connery
Dr. No
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xDj3NRYTU8
From Russia with Love
Goldfinger
Thunderball
You Only Live TwiceSlide35
New Wave cinema
Jean-Luc Godard’s Breathless
Highly representative of ‘going against the norm’, just in film
More documentary style
Less light
Less editing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJFFy3soy9Y
Slide36
television
What was big inSlide37
Popular TV
With more and more people spending their time in front of the television, there emerged some big hits in the sixties.
Some are still around today!Slide38
Johnny Carson
Hosted the
Tonight Show
for thirty years: 1962-1992.
The Tonight Show was the first of its kind, and Johnny had his own comic characters, like Conan.For example, Carnac the Magnificent.
He was a very well-known public figure and would help to launch many careers.Slide39
Dr. Who
The Doctor
A Cult Favorite
First airing in November 1963, it would run to 1989.
It’s a cult favorite, part of the British mindset and very present in the American, as it was shown in syndication on PBS.Slide40
Star Trek
The Original Series
The Cast
Runs for three seasons starting in 1966 on NBC.
Progressive for the time with one of the first multi-racial casts and progressive stances on civil rights.
Starring William Shatner and Leonard Nimoy, it would become popular with a selected set.Slide41
music
What was big in
How does the industry change during this time?
What kind of music is popular?
What/who is remembered?Slide42
Music from the 1960sTop 30 songs of the 60s
For your notes, list 10 songs and their artists
How many did you know?
How many had you heard, but didn’t know the name of?Slide43
The Counter-Culture, 1960-1970: The Music RevolutionMusic summary
of the decade
Bob Dylan would inspire much of the music of the decade with his song writing and approach to music.Slide44
The Beatles
History
We’ll examine the Beatles more in depth, but here is a quick summary.Slide45
The Rolling Stones
Guitar, electrified
British Invasion
With Keith Richards on guitar and Mick
Jagger
on vocals, they would bring blues into the rock n’ roll scene.
Ian Stewart, Bill Wyman and Charlie Watts would make up the rest of the band, for the most part.
They are part of the British Invasion (usually associated with the Beatles)Slide46
Inventions for Music
FM Radio
Electric Guitar
Although FM had existed for thirty years, in 1961 it would be used to broadcast in stereo for the first time.
FM would lead to ‘AOR’ in the late 60’s, otherwise known as Alternative Rock.
This would allow albums to be played, not just singles.
Also invented in the 30’s (1931), it would be used in the 60’s to a different effect.
Musicians would distort the sound using overdrive and amplifiers resulting in the sound we hear post-1965.Slide47
Slang – most are terms you would know
copasetic
bogart
keendragankle biter
gimme some skinOthers you might know, far out, primo, free love, outta sight, beef, crock, ate it, jet, killer, …
Also not so many about ‘available’ girls. Why?
no problem
to hog something
awesome
expresses disappointment
young children
like to say hello