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5.1 Warring 5.1 Warring

5.1 Warring - PowerPoint Presentation

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5.1 Warring - PPT Presentation

CityStates The growth of city states in Greece lead to the development of several political systems including democracy Geography Review By 750 BCE the Greek citystate or polis is the formal government ID: 566494

greek city states military city greek military states athens persian citizens athenian sparta rule league state persians yrs wars

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Slide1

5.1 Warring City-States

The growth of city states in Greece lead to the development of several political systems, including democracy.Slide2

Geography ReviewSlide3

By 750 BCE the Greek city-state, or polis

, is the formal government.

A

polis

is a city and its surrounding villages; 50-500 square miles.Population of a city-state is often less than 10,000.Citizens gather to discuss government in two different places:the agora which was the marketplacethe acropolis which was a fortified hilltop

Rule and Order in Greek City-StatesSlide4

Greek Political StructuresCity-states have different forms of government.

Monarchy

-rule by a king

Aristocracy

-rule by nobilityOligarchy -rule by a small group of powerful merchants and artisansRule and Order in Greek City-StatesSlide5

Tyrants Seize PowerRulers and common people clash in many city-states.

Tyrants

— often nobles or wealthy citizens won support of common people and seized control of the government.

They ruled in the interests of ordinary people.

They often set up building programs to provide jobs and housing for their supporters.Rule and Order in Greek City-StatesSlide6

Athens avoided major political upheavals by making timely reforms.

About 621 B.C.,

democracy

—rule by the people—develops in Athens.

Nobleman, Draco, develops legal codeAll Athenians, rich and poor, were equal under the law.Strict laws. Death was the primary punishmentUpheld debt slavery

Athens Builds a Limited DemocracySlide7

Solon A

bolishes debt slavery

no citizen shall own another citizen

All citizens could participate in the Athenian assembly

He divided citizens into four social classes according to wealthOnly top three classes could hold political officeAny citizen could bring charges against wrongdoersSolon’s ReformsSlide8

Divided citizens into 10 groups based on geography instead of wealth

This broke up the power of the nobility

Allowed all citizens to submit suggestions for laws

Only native-born, property-owning males are citizens

Women, slaves & foreigners were excluded from citizenship and had few rights.Created the Council of Five HundredProposed laws and counseled assemblyCouncil members were chosen at random

Cleisthenes’ ReformsSlide9

Why was the Athenian Democracy a limited democracy?Not all native born Athenians were citizens

Ex. Women and slaves or foreigners who made Athens their home.

Only citizens had the right to participate in the Assembly and voteSlide10

Schooling only for sons of wealthy families.

Started at age 7

Prepared them to be good citizens

Reading, grammar, poetry, history, math, music, logic, public speaking, and daily athletics

Military school when older – learn to defend AthensAthenian Education BoysSlide11

Girls learn from mothers and other female members of the household.Child-rearing, weaving cloth, preparing meals, managing the household

Prepared to be wives and mothers

Some learned to read and write

Most women had little to do with Athenian life outside the boundaries of family and home.

Athenian Education GirlsSlide12

Athenian boys went to school to learn to be good what?Citizens

Athenian girls were taught by their mothers to be good what?

Wives and mothers

ReviewSlide13

A Unique City State

Sparta, isolated from much of Greece, builds a military state.

Sparta Dominates Messenians

Around 725 B.C., Sparta conquers Messenia

Forced Messenians become helots —peasants forced to farm the land.Harsh rule leads to Messenian revolt; Spartans build a stronger state.Sparta Builds a Military StateSlide14

Sparta’s Government and SocietyFour branches: citizens elect officials

Assembly

– composed of all Spartan citizens

Council of Elders

– 30 older citizensProposed laws on which the assembly votedFive elected officials – carried out the laws passed by the assemblyControlled education and prosecuted court casesTwo kings – ruled over Sparta’s military forcesThree social classes:Citizens – ruling families who owned land

Free non-citizens – worked in commerce and industryHelots--slaves

Sparta Builds a Military StateSlide15

Sparta has the most powerful army in Greece

Spartan’s valued

duty, strength, and discipline.

They did not value individual freedom, individuality beauty, and arts, literature, or learning.Sparta Builds a Military StateSlide16

7

yrs

old -

m

ove into barracksMilitary training, marching, exercising, fighting in all weather Slept on hard benches without blanketsFed a bowl of black porridgeEncouraged to steel if they were still hungry

20 yrs

old – allowed to marry but still had to live in barracks

Sneak out to see their wives

30

yrs

old – training was complete

Could live at home with wife & children

60

yrs

old – service in the military was complete

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v97o90bnUVs

Spartan Male’s lifeSlide17

Girls receive some military trainingRan, wrestled, and played sports

Girls are also taught to value service to Sparta above all else.

Women had considerable freedom

Ran family estate when husbands were on active military service

Ran businessesOwned propertySpartan Female’s LifeSlide18

How did Spartan and Athenian females differ?Spartan girls received military training, & played sports

They had considerable freedom

Ran family estate when husbands were away

How long was military training for Spartan males?

From 7-30 years old (23 years)What age were men done serving in any aspect of the military?60 yrs oldReviewSlide19

What did Spartans value?duty, strength, and discipline

What

did they not value?

individual freedom, individuality beauty, and arts, literature, or learning

How many kings did Sparta have?TwoReviewSlide20

A New Kind of Army EmergesCheaper iron replaces bronze

Made arms and armor cheaper

Now people from all classes could become soldiers

Phalanx

—side by side formation of soldiers (hoplites) with spears and shields. Became the most powerful fighting force in the ancient world.The Persian WarsSlide21
Slide22
Slide23

Between Greece and Persian Empire

546 BCE Persians conquered Ionia (part of the Greek city states)

Ionian Greeks revolted; Athens sent aid

Darius the Great

defeated the rebels vowed to destroy Athens in revengeThe Persian WarsSlide24

Battle of Marathon

490 BCE Persian fleet landed in Marathon NE of Athens.

Athenians win because of the Greek Phalanx

Persians wore light armor and lacked training in this kind of land combat

Pheidippides Brings NewsRunner Pheidippides races 26 miles to Athens to announce Greek victory. City was defenseless & they did not want the Athenian people to surrender to the PersiansThe Persian Wars

Persians

Athenians

25,000

10,000Slide25

Battle of Thermopylae (10 yrs later)

In 480 B.C. Persians launch a new invasion of Greece.

Greeks are divided; many stay neutral or side with Persians.

Greek forces hold Thermopylae for three days before retreating.

The Persian WarsSlide26

Battle of Salamis

Athenians

defeated

Persians at sea, near island of Salamis.

Victories at Salamis and Plataea force Persian retreat.Many city-states form Delian League and continue to fight Persians.The Persian WarsSlide27

New self-confidence in Greece due to victory.

Development of Delian league

- Alliance among 200 Greek city states.

Athens emerges as leader of Delian League.

Controls the league by using force against opponents.League members essentially become provinces of Athenian empire.Why would this present a problem?history of independent city states individualistic ideals & ways of life

Stage is set for a dazzling burst of creativity in Athens.

Consequences of the Persian

WarsSlide28

What was the Delian League?An alliance between roughly 200 Greek city states

What prompted the establishment of the Delian League?

The Persian Wars

How did the Athenians win at the Battle of Marathon?

The Greek PhalanxReviewSlide29

What was the Greek Phalanx?

A side by side formation of soldiers (hoplites) with spears and shields.

What was the importance of iron to the Greek militaries?

Made arms and armor cheaper. Now people from all classes could become soldiers.

Led to the creation of the Greek phalanx.ReviewSlide30