CityStates The growth of city states in Greece lead to the development of several political systems including democracy Geography Review By 750 BCE the Greek citystate or polis is the formal government ID: 566494
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Slide1
5.1 Warring City-States
The growth of city states in Greece lead to the development of several political systems, including democracy.Slide2
Geography ReviewSlide3
By 750 BCE the Greek city-state, or polis
, is the formal government.
A
polis
is a city and its surrounding villages; 50-500 square miles.Population of a city-state is often less than 10,000.Citizens gather to discuss government in two different places:the agora which was the marketplacethe acropolis which was a fortified hilltop
Rule and Order in Greek City-StatesSlide4
Greek Political StructuresCity-states have different forms of government.
Monarchy
-rule by a king
Aristocracy
-rule by nobilityOligarchy -rule by a small group of powerful merchants and artisansRule and Order in Greek City-StatesSlide5
Tyrants Seize PowerRulers and common people clash in many city-states.
Tyrants
— often nobles or wealthy citizens won support of common people and seized control of the government.
They ruled in the interests of ordinary people.
They often set up building programs to provide jobs and housing for their supporters.Rule and Order in Greek City-StatesSlide6
Athens avoided major political upheavals by making timely reforms.
About 621 B.C.,
democracy
—rule by the people—develops in Athens.
Nobleman, Draco, develops legal codeAll Athenians, rich and poor, were equal under the law.Strict laws. Death was the primary punishmentUpheld debt slavery
Athens Builds a Limited DemocracySlide7
Solon A
bolishes debt slavery
no citizen shall own another citizen
All citizens could participate in the Athenian assembly
He divided citizens into four social classes according to wealthOnly top three classes could hold political officeAny citizen could bring charges against wrongdoersSolon’s ReformsSlide8
Divided citizens into 10 groups based on geography instead of wealth
This broke up the power of the nobility
Allowed all citizens to submit suggestions for laws
Only native-born, property-owning males are citizens
Women, slaves & foreigners were excluded from citizenship and had few rights.Created the Council of Five HundredProposed laws and counseled assemblyCouncil members were chosen at random
Cleisthenes’ ReformsSlide9
Why was the Athenian Democracy a limited democracy?Not all native born Athenians were citizens
Ex. Women and slaves or foreigners who made Athens their home.
Only citizens had the right to participate in the Assembly and voteSlide10
Schooling only for sons of wealthy families.
Started at age 7
Prepared them to be good citizens
Reading, grammar, poetry, history, math, music, logic, public speaking, and daily athletics
Military school when older – learn to defend AthensAthenian Education BoysSlide11
Girls learn from mothers and other female members of the household.Child-rearing, weaving cloth, preparing meals, managing the household
Prepared to be wives and mothers
Some learned to read and write
Most women had little to do with Athenian life outside the boundaries of family and home.
Athenian Education GirlsSlide12
Athenian boys went to school to learn to be good what?Citizens
Athenian girls were taught by their mothers to be good what?
Wives and mothers
ReviewSlide13
A Unique City State
Sparta, isolated from much of Greece, builds a military state.
Sparta Dominates Messenians
Around 725 B.C., Sparta conquers Messenia
Forced Messenians become helots —peasants forced to farm the land.Harsh rule leads to Messenian revolt; Spartans build a stronger state.Sparta Builds a Military StateSlide14
Sparta’s Government and SocietyFour branches: citizens elect officials
Assembly
– composed of all Spartan citizens
Council of Elders
– 30 older citizensProposed laws on which the assembly votedFive elected officials – carried out the laws passed by the assemblyControlled education and prosecuted court casesTwo kings – ruled over Sparta’s military forcesThree social classes:Citizens – ruling families who owned land
Free non-citizens – worked in commerce and industryHelots--slaves
Sparta Builds a Military StateSlide15
Sparta has the most powerful army in Greece
Spartan’s valued
duty, strength, and discipline.
They did not value individual freedom, individuality beauty, and arts, literature, or learning.Sparta Builds a Military StateSlide16
7
yrs
old -
m
ove into barracksMilitary training, marching, exercising, fighting in all weather Slept on hard benches without blanketsFed a bowl of black porridgeEncouraged to steel if they were still hungry
20 yrs
old – allowed to marry but still had to live in barracks
Sneak out to see their wives
30
yrs
old – training was complete
Could live at home with wife & children
60
yrs
old – service in the military was complete
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v97o90bnUVs
Spartan Male’s lifeSlide17
Girls receive some military trainingRan, wrestled, and played sports
Girls are also taught to value service to Sparta above all else.
Women had considerable freedom
Ran family estate when husbands were on active military service
Ran businessesOwned propertySpartan Female’s LifeSlide18
How did Spartan and Athenian females differ?Spartan girls received military training, & played sports
They had considerable freedom
Ran family estate when husbands were away
How long was military training for Spartan males?
From 7-30 years old (23 years)What age were men done serving in any aspect of the military?60 yrs oldReviewSlide19
What did Spartans value?duty, strength, and discipline
What
did they not value?
individual freedom, individuality beauty, and arts, literature, or learning
How many kings did Sparta have?TwoReviewSlide20
A New Kind of Army EmergesCheaper iron replaces bronze
Made arms and armor cheaper
Now people from all classes could become soldiers
Phalanx
—side by side formation of soldiers (hoplites) with spears and shields. Became the most powerful fighting force in the ancient world.The Persian WarsSlide21Slide22Slide23
Between Greece and Persian Empire
546 BCE Persians conquered Ionia (part of the Greek city states)
Ionian Greeks revolted; Athens sent aid
Darius the Great
defeated the rebels vowed to destroy Athens in revengeThe Persian WarsSlide24
Battle of Marathon
490 BCE Persian fleet landed in Marathon NE of Athens.
Athenians win because of the Greek Phalanx
Persians wore light armor and lacked training in this kind of land combat
Pheidippides Brings NewsRunner Pheidippides races 26 miles to Athens to announce Greek victory. City was defenseless & they did not want the Athenian people to surrender to the PersiansThe Persian Wars
Persians
Athenians
25,000
10,000Slide25
Battle of Thermopylae (10 yrs later)
In 480 B.C. Persians launch a new invasion of Greece.
Greeks are divided; many stay neutral or side with Persians.
Greek forces hold Thermopylae for three days before retreating.
The Persian WarsSlide26
Battle of Salamis
Athenians
defeated
Persians at sea, near island of Salamis.
Victories at Salamis and Plataea force Persian retreat.Many city-states form Delian League and continue to fight Persians.The Persian WarsSlide27
New self-confidence in Greece due to victory.
Development of Delian league
- Alliance among 200 Greek city states.
Athens emerges as leader of Delian League.
Controls the league by using force against opponents.League members essentially become provinces of Athenian empire.Why would this present a problem?history of independent city states individualistic ideals & ways of life
Stage is set for a dazzling burst of creativity in Athens.
Consequences of the Persian
WarsSlide28
What was the Delian League?An alliance between roughly 200 Greek city states
What prompted the establishment of the Delian League?
The Persian Wars
How did the Athenians win at the Battle of Marathon?
The Greek PhalanxReviewSlide29
What was the Greek Phalanx?
A side by side formation of soldiers (hoplites) with spears and shields.
What was the importance of iron to the Greek militaries?
Made arms and armor cheaper. Now people from all classes could become soldiers.
Led to the creation of the Greek phalanx.ReviewSlide30