ACT-R - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

ACT-R

ΦACT-R with a physiological substrate

Christopher L. DancyPh.D. CandidateApplied Cognitive Science LabThe College of Information Sciences and TechnologyThe Pennsylvania State University

1

ACT-R Workshop July 11, 2013

“Science involves confronting our `absolute stupidity'. That kind of stupidity is an existential fact, inherent in our efforts to push our way into the unknown.” – Schwartz, 2008Slide2

Ways Physiology can Modulate Cognition and Behavior

(some priming…)

2Appetitive Motivations1,2Hunger, Thirst, Thermal Balance, etc.SleepStress3Need to void4Panksepp

(2012)

Mogg et al. (1998)Joëls and

Baram

(2009

)

Tuk

et al. (2011)Montano et al. (2012)

And these all interact!

5Slide3

Biology/Physiology in ACT-R

3Ritter (2007, 2009) – Simulating the effects of stress & caffeineSlide4

Biology/Physiology in ACT-R

4

Ritter (2007, 2009) – Simulating the effects of stress & caffeineChanged parameters to simulate participants in different groups (challenged, threatened, caffeine)seconds-per-syllable (SYL)base level constant (BLC)activation noise (ANS)Parameter values were found using GA & were static across the taskSlide5

Biology/Physiology in ACT-R

5Gunzelmann (2009, 2012) - Simulating the effects of Fatigue/Sleep

deprevationSlide6

Biology/Physiology in ACT-R

6Gunzelmann (2009, 2012) - Simulating the effects of Fatigue/Sleep

deprevationUsed a model of fatigue (cognitive throughput or alertness) due to sleep deprevation (CNPA)Connected model to DM (activation) and Procedural (utility)Slide7

Questions from the two examples

7How can we make cognition change physiology too (and in real-time)?How can we combine results?How can we generalize the results?Slide8

HumMod

18

Hester et al., 2011Slide9

Why HumMod?

9Integrative model

1Want to avoid “micro” computational models of physiologyTop-down organizationProvides macroscopic representation of physiology and some underlying functionalityOpen-source model (XML)Allows verification, validation, and modification (if needed)It’s software that works(!!!)Hester et al., 2011Slide10

About HumMod

10Inputs (parameters)

Exogenous changes to variablese.g. Epinephrine pump, IV dripModify autonomic nerve activity“Lifestyle” settingse.g. - Air supply, Exercise, DietSlide11

About HumMod

11Slide12

ACT-R

12

Anderson et al., 20081Slide13

ACT-R

Φ : An Extension to ACT-R13Slide14

A Modification of a Subtraction Model

1,214

2. Dancy et al., AcceptedRitter et al., 2009Slide15

Subtraction model results1

(n=200)15

1. Dancy et al., AcceptedSlide16

16

Subtraction model results

(n = 1,582,000 OR 2 * 3955 * 200)

1

. Dancy et al., AcceptedSlide17

17

Subtraction model results

(n=200 * 3955 * 2)

1. Dancy

et al., AcceptedSlide18

18

A Thirsty model

1. Dancy et al., 2013Slide19

19

Thirsty

model Results1. Dancy et al., 2013

Decision

Osmolarity (sd)

Subj. Thirst (sd)

Accept

experiment

Not Reported

8.90(1.7)

Accept­

model

306.37(0.2)

7.94(1.2)

Reject

experiment

Not Reported

5.60(1.6)

Reject

model

305.86(3.74)

4.82(1.2)

Both

experiment

310(5.0)

7.30(1.6)

Both

model

306.27(1.7)

7.29(1.7)Slide20

Discussion

Some things for which it could be useful20

Perseveration & AutonomyDo you know what Perseveration is? Do you know what Perseveration is? Do you know what Perseveration is? Do you know what Perseveration is? Do you know what Perseveration is?Military SimulationsEnergy, Fatigue, and Stress (Physical and Mental)Slide21

Discussion

Some Possible Road Blocks21

Visceral Sensory/Perception ConflictE.g. Hunger and PainWhat direct connections should we make?SPEED!!!Ease of Use and VisualizationE.g., for 6,000+ variablesSlide22

Conclusion

A Future for ACT-R (and other architectures)?22

This approach has several areas of improvement (see last slide) but that’s expected…How do we use existing literature to develop these connections?Reviews of moderators that acknowledge multiple levels (e.g., Joëls, 2009; Pankepp, 2012) are helpful.Experiments that record (& control for) physiological data with psychological data (e.g., Wright, 2012) are helpful.Slide23

Acknowledgements

23

ACS Lab @ Penn StateRobert HesterKeith BerryJon MorganSlide24

References

24

Anderson, J. R., Fincham, J. M., Qin, Y., & Stocco, A. (2008). A central circuit of the mind. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(4), 136-143. Dancy, C. L., & Kaulakis, R. (2013). Towards Adding Bottom-Up Homeostatic Affect to ACT-R. In Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Cognitive Modeling:Ottawa

, Canada. Dancy, C. L., Ritter, F. E., & Berry, K. (Accepted). Using a cognitive architecture with a physiological substrate to represent effects of psychological stress on cognition.

Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory. Gunzelmann, G., Gluck, K. A., Richard Moore Jr, L., &

Dinges

, D. F. (2012)

. Diminished access to declarative knowledge with sleep deprivation.

Cognitive Systems Research, 13

(1), 1-11.

Gunzelmann, G., Gross, J. B., Gluck, K. A., & Dinges, D. F. (2009). Sleep deprivation and sustained attention performance: Integrating mathematical and cognitive modeling. Cognitive Science, 33

(5), 880-910.

Hester, R. L., Brown, A. J., Husband, L., Iliescu, R., Pruett, D., Summers, R., et al. (2011)

.

HumMod

: A modeling environment for the simulation of integrative human physiology.

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(12).

Joëls

, M., &

Baram

, T. Z. (2009)

. The

neuro

-symphony of stress. [10.1038/nrn2632].

Nature Review in Neuroscience, 10

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Mogg

, K., Bradley, B. P.,

Hyare

, H., & Lee, S. (1998)

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attentional

biases specific to emotional and psychopathological states, or are they also found in normal drive states?

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Panksepp

, J., &

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, L. (2012)

.

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Ritter, F. E.,

Kase

, S. E., Klein, L. C., Bennett, J., &

Schoelles

, M. (2009)

. Fitting a model to behavior tells us what changes cognitively when under stress and with caffeine

.

In

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the

Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures Symposium at the AAAI Fall Symposium. Keynote presentation

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Ritter, F. E.,

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