Graphic Organizer 8.2a onto Portfolio - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Graphic Organizer 8.2a onto Portfolio p27

Write the following in each box showing how one lead to the next: Constitutional Convention; New Jersey Plan; Annapolis Convention; Virginia Plan; Great Compromise; Amend or replace the Articles?

Copy into your notebook

Graphic Organizer 8.2Slide2

Lesson 8.2: The Constitutional ConventionSlide3

Essential Question

What lead to a Constitutional Conventional and what compromises had to be in order to establish a new government?Slide4

convention:

a

large group of people who come together for a common purpose

VOCABULARY

amend

:

to

make a change to something, especially a written document

a

government tax on goods

a person who is chosen to speak or act for others

.

tariff

:

delegate

:Slide5

compromise:

settlement

of differences in which each side gives up part of what they want

VOCABULARY II

bicameral

:

having two legislative chambers, houses or branches.

to take over the position of influence, or replace

to

decide on or explain the meaning of.

supersede:

interpret

:Slide6

What We Already Know

Americans had just fought a war against a government that was so strong that it threatened their rights. The Articles of Confederation therefore

were

intentionally

enacted to establish a

weak central government that

could not threaten the rights of the people.Slide7

What We Already Know

In 1787, Shays’ Rebellion showed just how the Articles of Confederation left the national government weak and ineffective, unable to deal with any crisis.Slide8

The Annapolis Convention

By 1787, America was in a tough time trying to grow the economy. One problem was trade between the states. If a barrel maker in Connecticut wanted to sell his barrels in New York,

he

would

have to

pay a tax, or

tariff. This was true for all

products shipped between the states. It was

one way states made

money. Slide9

The Annapolis Convention

These tariffs, discouraged trade and raised prices. In 1786, a convention was called for ways to promote interstate

trade

in order to help the economies of all the states. Slide10

The convention was held at Mann’s Tavern in Annapolis, Maryland. Only five states had delegates able to attended.

The Annapolis ConventionSlide11

Changes in interstate trade required amending the Articles of Confederation, because the national government had been granted no power to regulate trade among the states.

The Annapolis ConventionSlide12

The Annapolis Convention

At the he Annapolis Convention delegates, lead by Alexander Hamilton, urged representatives

to go

to

Philadelphia to discuss

the need for changes to the Articles of

Confederation. Slide13

The Constitutional Convention

Many people opposed

making any changes to

the Articles of Confederation, but

recalling how quickly Shay’s rebellion spread and fearing the occurrence of a

similar uprising, twelve

states sent delegates to

Philadelphia in 1787.Slide14

Why did five states send delegates to the Annapolis Convention? A. To amend the Articles of Confederation.

B. To discuss the impact of Shays' Rebellion on the central government.

C. To discuss ways to promote interstate trade.

D. To create a plan of action for the Constitutional

Convention.Slide15

Why was it necessary to call a new convention after Annapolis?

A. The Annapolis Convention delegates recommended another convention to amend the Articles of Confederation.B. The Annapolis delegates created the new Constitution to replace the Articles.

C. The Bill of Rights was written at the Annapolis Convention to be added to the Constitution.

D. Federalists and Antifederalists argued about how strong the new government should be.Slide16

What was the relationship between the Annapolis Convention and the Constitutional Convention?

A. Only five states were represented in Annapolis.B. Congress met in Philadelphia and not in Annapolis.

C. The Articles of Confederation prevented the delegates in Annapolis from making any trade agreements between the states.

D. Trade agreements had to be agreed upon

by the

Supreme Court which met in Philadelphia.

(Choose all that are correct.)Slide17

Fifty-five delegates came to the Constitutional Convention.

About three-fourths also had been delegates to the Continental Congress.

The Convention DelegatesSlide18

Many of the delegates had

been members of their state legislatures and had helped write their state constitutions.

Along with other leaders of the time, these delegates are called the Founding Fathers, of the United States

.

The Convention DelegatesSlide19

A and B DiscussBe prepared to share your

answers with the class.

The men who shaped our government at the Constitutional

Convention

as well as

other leaders at the time have been called our Founding Fathers. How many can you name?Slide20

Get your sticks ready.Slide21

Three men who were to have a large role in the Constitutional Convention were George Washington, Benjamin Franklin and James Madison.

The Convention DelegatesSlide22

The Convention Delegates

As you will see, James Madison played a major role at Constitutional Convention. Not only did he come well prepared for the meetinghaving read over one hundred

books

on government; much of what we know about the convention is due to the careful notes Madison took of the proceedings.Slide23

The Convention Delegates

Three great leaders of the young country who were not in attendance at the Constitutional Convention were Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry and

John

Adams.Slide24

Get your sticks ready.Slide25

Which of the men, considered as a founding father, did not attend the Constitutional Convention

?

A.

Patrick Henry

B. George Washington

C. Thomas Jefferson

D. Ben Franklin

E.

James Madison

(Choose all that are correct.)

F.

John AdamsSlide26

A tariff…A. is a government tax on goods.

B.

hurts

trade and raises

prices.

C. had

to have the approval of Congress according to the Articles of Confederation

D. only applied to goods traveling by land, not by sea

E.

was

used by states to raise revenue.

(Choose all that apply.)Slide27

American Revolution

Where Are We

Lexington

and Concord

1775

Articles of

Confederation

1777

1774

1778

1782

1786

1790

Declaration

of

I

ndependence

1776

Treaty of

Paris

1783

Annapolis

Convention

1786

Constitutional

Convention

1787

Shays’

Rebellion

1787 Slide28

The Constitutional Convention

In 1787 delegates from 12 states met in Philadelphia. The first order of business was to elect a president for the convention.

George Washington was elected unanimously.

His quiet and dignified leadership set a solemn and serious tone for the conventionSlide29

The delegates to the Convention wanted to be able to consider all ideas and to be able to change sides in any debate without being pressured by the politics of the day.

The Constitutional ConventionSlide30

The Constitutional Convention

The delegates also knew that many Americans were fearful of a

strong

government. If the public knew they were trying to create a new, stronger government, there might be protests or even violence.Slide31

The Constitutional Convention

For these reasons,

it was

decided that their discussions would remain secret.

For these reasons, they decided that their discussions would remain secret.

Guards were posted outside the door to keep away the curious.Slide32

With a secrecy agreement in place, the first order of business was to decide whether to amend or replace the Articles of Confederation and form a new government.

The Constitutional ConventionSlide33

Fresh on the minds of the delegates was Shays’ Rebellion, an armed uprising of common farmers

that nearly meant disaster for the nation.

The Constitutional ConventionSlide34

The Constitutional Convention

It became

obvious

that what was needed was a new government that was strong enough to protect people’s rights

, but not

too strong so it

could still be controlled by the people.Slide35

The Virginia Plan was crafted mostly by James Madison and presented by Edmund Randolf, the Governor of Virginia at that time.

The

Virginia PlanSlide36

Legislative Branch which made the laws.

The Virginia PlanThe Virginia Plan called for three branches of government.

Executive Branch which enforced the laws.

Judicial Branch which interpret the laws.Slide37

The Virginia Plan

The Virginia Plan proposed a legislature with two houses.In both houses, the number of representatives from each state would be based on the state’s population or its wealth.

A legislature divided into two houses is called a bicameral legislature.Slide38

The Constitutional Convention

Unlike the government under the Articles of Confederation, the Virginia Plan proposed Congress would

have

the

power to

levy taxes, regulate

commerce, and make

laws.Slide39

A and B DiscussWhy do you think the Virginia Plan divided the government into three branches. And then divided the Legislature into two more branches?

Be prepared to share your

answers

with the class.Slide40

Small states objected to the Virginia Plan. Their concern was that the larger states would end up ruling the other states.

William Paterson of New Jersey proposed a plan with a one house legislature with each state getting one vote.

The New Jersey PlanSlide41

The New Jersey Plan

The Virginia Plan led to weeks of debate. States with larger populations supported

the

plan since it would give them greater representation in the legislature.Slide42

wipe

The New Jersey Plan

There were several

parts

of the New Jersey Plan, but

perhaps the most significant, and controversial, was that the laws of the Federal Government would be the supreme law of the land and no state law could supersede it. Slide43

Get your sticks ready.Slide44

For each of the following hold up a red stick for the Virginia Plan or a blue stick for the New Jersey Plan

.

Virginia Plan

New

Jersey

Plan

.Slide45

This plan was favored by the larger states.

Virginia PlanSlide46

This plan called for three branches of government; the legislative, executive and judicial.

Virginia PlanSlide47

The most controversial part of this plan proposed that federal laws would supersede any state law.

New

Jersey

Plan

.Slide48

This plan gave each state an equal vote in Congress.

New

Jersey

Plan

.Slide49

This plan called for a bicameral (two houses) legislature.

Virginia PlanSlide50

The Great Compromise

During the sweltering months of June the delegates argued and debated over representation in the legislative branch

of the

government.

In desperation, they selected a committee of one delegate from each state to work out a compromise. Slide51

The Great Compromise

By June 29 of 1787 an agreement was reached between the larger and smaller states. The compromise was originally referred

to as the Connecticut Compromise,

because Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth, both delegates from Connecticut, played a major role in bringing the two sides together.Slide52

More commonly known as the Great Compromise the Legislative branch was divided into two houses (bicameral).

The first house would be called the Senate in which two delegates from each state would be elected.

The Great CompromiseSlide53

The Great Compromise

The second house would be the House of Representatives. The number of representatives elected to the House of Representatives would be decided by

population. One representative for

every 40,000 inhabitants.

The

two houses together are called Congress.Slide54

Did you know

The Great Compromise has worked for the past 200 years. Like every state, California has only two

Senators.

But because of our large population we

have

the most members in

the House of Representatives (55). Texas is 2nd

with 34 and New York is 3rd

with 31.Slide55

Get your sticks ready.Slide56

How did the Great Compromise settle the issue of representation in the legislature?

A. It created a House of Representatives that would be based on state populations.

B. It created a Senate in which each state would give each state an equal number of votes.

C. It ended the controversy of how slaves should be counted for representation.

D. It created a third house of Congress to create a balance between large and small states.

(Choose all that are correct.)Slide57

The Great Compromise was original known as…

A. The Three – Fifths Compromise.

B. The Compromise of 1787

C. The Connecticut Compromise

D. The New Jersey Plan.

E. The Proclamation Line of 1763Slide58

A and B DiscussThe Connecticut Compromise became more commonly known as the Great Compromise. Why do you think the name change came about?

Be prepared to share your

answers

with the class.Slide59

Question of SlavesBecause representation in the House of Representatives would be based on the population of each state, the delegates had to decide who would be counted in that population.Slide60

Question of SlavesSouthern states wanted the slaves to be counted as part of the general population for representation, but not for taxation.Slide61

Question of Slaves

The Northern states argued just the opposite saying that slaves were property, not citizens, and should not be

counted for

representation,

but

should be counted

for taxation Slide62

The Three Fifths Compromise

Under this compromise, three-fifths of the slave population would be counted when setting direct taxes on the states.

This

three-fifths

ratio also would be used to determine representation in the House of Representatives.Slide63

The Three Fifths Compromise

The Three-Fifths Compromise did not outlaw slavery. By 1787 many states had banned the import of

new

slaves from Africa.

While many

Northerners

wanted to see this ban extended to the rest of the nation,

Southern slaveholders strongly disagreed. Slide64

The delegates from South Carolina and Georgia stated that they would never accept any plan “unless their

right to import slaves beuntouched.”

The Three Fifths CompromiseSlide65

Again, a compromise was reached. On August 29, it was agreed that Congress could not ban the slave trade until 1808

The Three Fifths CompromiseSlide66

The Three Fifths CompromiseThis ban on laws limiting the slave trade was the only limit placed on Congress’ power to regulate trade.Slide67

Get your sticks ready.Slide68

How did the Constitutional Convention reach a compromise on the issue of slavery?

A. Slaves would be freed when they reached the age of 30.B. Slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person for representation in Congress.

C. Slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person for taxation.

D. The importation of slaves could not be restricted until 1808.

(Choose all that are correct.)Slide69

According to the new Constitution, who had the power to regulate trade?

A. The Federal Trade CommissionB. Congress

C. The president

D. The Secretary of StateSlide70

A and B Discuss

Why were the Southern states so unwilling to give up their slaves? Did the delegates do the right thing in agreeing to the Three-Fifths Compromise?

Be prepared to share your

answers

with the class.