Nationalism: Then, Now, & Future? - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Nationalism:

Then, Now,

& Future?Slide2

Unification - THEN

GermanySlide3

Germany

1815 Germany had 39 states called the German Confederation (controlled by Austria

)

Prussia leads unification

German population

Nationalistic movement

Stronger

Army

King (Kaiser) Wilhelm

I appoints Bismarck to orchestrate unificationSlide4

Germany

Bismarck

practiced “realpolitik” - Any action is acceptable if it serves the state’s best interest

Bismarck hoped to use military successes to unite

Germany

3 Wars for Unification:

Danish War

Austro-Prussian War

Franco-Prussian WarSlide5

Germany

Danish War:

Prussia allies with Austria to go to war against Denmark for border provinces,

Schleswig & Holstein

After victory, Prussia governed Schleswig, while Austria controlled Holstein

Sets up a conflict…Slide6

Germany

Austro-Prussian War (7 Weeks War):

Bismarck purposely stirred up border conflicts with Austria over Schleswig and Holstein

Provoked Austria into declaring war on Prussia

Prussia easily defeats Austria

(help from Italy) and loses land to them

Prussia took control of

northern GermanySlide7

Germany

Franco-Prussian War:

Southern Germany was Catholic and resisted unification at first

Bismarck thought if they had a threat (like France) they would join

Bismarck created “incident” making it look like French ambassador insulted Prussian king – Prussia declares war on France!Slide8

Germany

Franco-Prussian War:

Prussia wins! Southern Germany catches nationalistic fever and accepted Prussian leadership!Slide9

Unification - THEN

ItalySlide10

Existence of multiple Italian states & the presence of Austria hindered Italian unification

Sardinia

:

Largest & most powerful Italian StateSlide11

Mazzini



“The Soul”

Garibaldi



“The Sword”

Cavour



“The Brain”

Leaders of UnificationSlide12

Risorgimento

:

Movement of IT Nationalism

Inspiration

for unification; lays the groundwork

Mazzini: The SoulSlide13

Bold & visionary soldier

Led a small army of Italian nationalists known as Red Shirts

Garibaldi: The SwordSlide14

Prime minister of Sardinia under King Victor Emmanuel III (the only native Italian king)

Built Sardinia’s economy & planned to unify IT under his king

Cavour: The BrainSlide15

Allied with French to drive

Austria

out of northern Italian provinces

Got all of

N. Italy

except Venetia

Step One:Slide16

Meanwhile, other Italian states revolted against their rulers

Voted to join with Sardinia

Northern Italy was now united under Sardinia

Step

2:

Join with SardiniaSlide17

Garibaldi (paid by Cavour) liberated the Kingdom of the Two

Sicilies

(

Southern Italy

) from foreign rule; marched north through Italy with his 1000 Red Shirts

Step

3:

Liberation of

SiciliesSlide18

Step 4:

Unite N. & S. Italy

Cavour convinced Garibaldi to give

Sicilies

to a United Italy under

King Victor

Emanuel II

United northern & southern ItalySlide19

Garibaldi

Victor Emmanuel IISlide20

What’s left??

Venetia & Papal State of RomeSlide21

Step 5:

Add Venetia

Venetia was added to Italy in 1866 when Prussia defeated AustriaSlide22

Step 6:

Add Rome

Rome

was added in 1870 when France withdrew troops from Rome due to the Franco-Prussian WarSlide23

Once Rome was added to Italy, it was made the

capital

of the Nation-StateSlide24

But the Pope Objects…

The

Pope

refused to recognize the new Italian government

Kept Vatican City separate Slide25

Unification - NOW

May

22, 1990 - North and South Yemen merged to form a unified

Yemen

October

3, 1990 - East Germany and West Germany merged to form a unified

Germany

(again!) after

the fall of the Iron

CurtainSlide26

Unification – FUTURE?

Will

South Korea

ever reunite with

North Korea

?Slide27

Unification – FUTURE?

Will

Northern Ireland

ever reunite with

the Republic of Ireland

?Slide28

Unification – FUTURE?

Will

Puerto Rico

unite with

the United States of America

as the 51

st

state

…or separate as an independent country?Slide29

Separation - THEN

Austrian EmpireSlide30

Separation - THEN

Hungarians, Germans, Czechs,

Poles, Slovaks, Serbs,

etc.Lost Northern Land to Prussia (smaller/weaker)

Pressure from Hungarians causes

split, becomes

Austria-Hungary

After WWI, breaks into several nation-statesSlide31

Separation - THEN

Russian EmpireSlide32

Separation - THEN

Ruled by Romanov Dynasty – Czars!

Ukrainians, Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, etc.

Each had own culture

Russification

– forced Russian culture on all ethnic groups BUT nationalism grows

WWI & Communist Revolution lead to break up of Empire in 1917Slide33

Separation - THEN

Ottoman EmpireSlide34

Separation - THEN

Ruled by Turks

Controlled Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians and Armenians

Greeks win independence in 1821

Under pressure from British/French,

granted

equal citizenship to all people under their rule

BUT this angered

conservative

Turks

Armenian

Nationalist

Movement grows, Turks respond by

massacring

&

deporting

thousands

from

1894-1896 &

1915Slide35

Separation - NOW

Fifteen new countries became independent with the

dissolution of the USSR

in

1991

Yugoslavia dissolved

in the early 1990s into five independent

countries

January

1, 1993 - The

Czech Republic

and

Slovakia

became independent nations when Czechoslovakia

dissolved

May

25, 1993 -

Eritrea

was a part of Ethiopia but seceded and gained

independenceSlide36

Separation - NOW

June

3, 2006 -

Montenegro was part of Serbia and Montenegro (also known as Yugoslavia) but gained independence after a

referendum

June

5, 2006 -

Serbia

became its own entity after Montenegro

split

February

17, 2008 -

Kosovo

unilaterally declared independence from

Serbia

July

9, 2011 -

South Sudan

peacefully seceded from SudanSlide37

Separation – FUTURE?

Will Quebec separate from Canada?Slide38

Separation – FUTURE?

Will Chechnya separate from Russia?Slide39

Separation – FUTURE?

Will Scotland separate from the UK?