AMTAC April 12 2011 Gwen Yoshimura Pb Monitoring Rule Revision Rule published December 27 2010 Requires Monitoring at sources emitting 05 tpy Pb Monitoring at airports emitting 10 ID: 329382
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Slide1
Pb Monitoring
AMTAC; April 12, 2011
Gwen YoshimuraSlide2
Pb Monitoring Rule Revision
Rule published December 27, 2010
Requires:
Monitoring at sources emitting ≥ 0.5
tpy
Pb
Monitoring at airports emitting ≥ 1.0
tpy
Pb
Monitoring at 15 “study” airports
Includes three in Bay Area, two in San Diego
Monitoring at
NCore
stations
Replaces CBSA monitoring requirement
Pb
-TSP or Pb-PM10
Monitors included in July 1, 2011 network plan
Monitors operational by December 27, 2011Slide3
3
1
) Aviation
Gasoline (avgas) accounts for nearly half of the
Pb
NEI
Leaded
avgas is used only
in piston-engine aircraft:Personal transportation, instructional, business/ corporate, air taxi, otherLead needed to prevent knock2) Petition
Why are we looking at airports?Slide4
Pb Monitoring at Airports
AvGas
Endangerment Finding Petition:
Oct 2006 – Friends of the Earth petition EPA to : a) make endangerment finding and issue a proposed emissions standard, or b) do a study
Nov 2007 – EPA solicited information
2008 – initiated
Pb
study at Santa Monica AirportApril 28, 2010 – EPA publishes ANPR seeking comment on the data available for evaluating
Pb emissions, ambient concentrations, potential exposures, approaches for phasing-down or eliminating leaded av gas.Aug 27, 2010 – comment period closedMonitoringContribute information to aviation gasoline discussionWill be used assess need for Pb monitoring at airportsSlide5
Pb Airport Monitoring in California
Over 1
tpy
:
South Coast: Van Nuys Airport
Study Airports:
Bay Area AQMD: Palo Alto, Reid-Hillview, Santa ClaraSan Diego: McClellan-Palomar, GillespieSlide6
Additional AvGas InformationSlide7
7
Background on Avgas and
Piston-Engine
Aircraft
Leaded avgas use and concentration
Tetraethyl lead first used in aircraft 1927
“100 Octane” has 4 grams Pb/gal
used in commercial and military aircraft until the 1950s
“100 Low Lead” has 2 grams Pb/galmost common leaded avgas used currentlyPiston-engine aircraftThere are about 200,000 piston-engine powered aircraft as of 2008Annual new sales of 1,800 in 2008We estimate 7 grams Pb emitted per landing/take-off cycleSlide8
8
Leaded Avgas is Roughly Half the National Inventory
Metal industries (23%)
Manufacturing industries (14%)
Waste
incineration
(8%)
Boilers --
industrial, commercial,
institutional, utility
(6%)
Other (small) categories (5%)
Source Sectors of Lead Emissions in the U.S.
Leaded aviation gas used in piston-engine aircraft
(45%)Slide9
9
Public and Private Airport Facilites Servicing Piston-Engine Aircraft
From Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association www.gaservingamerica.comSlide10
10
Potentially Impacted Population
About 16 million people live within 1 km of the 20,000 airport facilities
About 3 million children attend schools that are located within 1 km of the 20,000 airport facilities airports
Includes more than 8,000 schoolsSlide11
11
Lead in Avgas
Leaded Avgas was not banned in 1990 CAA amendments
Industry agreed to work toward solutions
FAA, Coordinating Research Council and industry have been testing fuel alternatives since the late 1990’sSlide12
12
Regulations Governing Aircraft Lead Emissions
EPA can set exhaust emissions standards under CAA section 231
States are preempted under the CAA
EPA does not have authority under CAA section 211 to regulate fuels solely used in aircraft engines
FAA has exclusive authority to regulate aircraft fuels
A positive finding of endangerment puts EPA and FAA under a duty to exercise their respective regulatory authority to limit lead emissions